Notes

Neuropsychological results in youngsters along with young people following anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
INTRODUCTION Contraceptive use and sexual health behavior remain a prominent public health concern in South Africa (SA). Despite many government interventions, unintended pregnancies and termination of pregnancies remain relatively high. This review aimed to map evidence on factors influencing contraceptive use and sexual behavior in SA. METHODS We conducted a scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. We searched for articles from the following databases PubMed/MEDLINE, American Doctoral Dissertations via EBSCO host, Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations (UCTD) and SA ePublications via SABINET Online and World Cat Dissertations, Theses via OCLC and Google Scholar. Studies published from January 1990 to March 2018 were included. We used the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework and the PRISMA chart to report the screening of results. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 11 and ACCODS tools were used to determine the quality of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 2030 articles were identified by our search criteria for title screening. Only 21 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in quality assessment stage. We found that knowledge of a contraceptive method, length of a relationship, sexual debut, age difference between partners availability of a contraceptive method, long waiting hours, and nurse's attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive or younger clients predict whether or not women use a contraceptive method or improve sexual behavior. CONCLUSION There remains a necessity for improving educational programs aimed at transferring knowledge on contraceptives and sexual behavior to both women and their male counterparts, alongside the public health systems' improvements.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the rs5015480 single-nucleotide polymorphism of hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) via meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search was performed of the PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases for studies worldwide on the relationship between HHEX rs5015480 and GDM published up to July 2019. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and the quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, followed by heterogeneity evaluation using the Q test and I statistic and data pooling. A meta-analysis was then performed on the included studies using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS A total of 4 eligible case-control studies were included, involving a total of 1651 patients and 3513 controls. The meta-analysis showed the following odds ratios C allele vs T allele, 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.38); CC genotype vs TT genotype, 1.65 (95% CI 1.26-2.17); CC genotype vs CT genotype, 1.22 (95% CI 1.00-1.50); and CC genotype vs CT + TT genotype, 1.32 (95% CI 1.09-1.61). CONCLUSIONS HHEX rs5015480 represents a risk factor for the development of GDM, and pregnant women carrying the CC genotype have an increased risk of GDM.BACKGROUND The findings on the association between elevated plasma homocysteine levels and the risk of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) of ischemic stroke have been inconsistent in Chinese. So far, there is no meta-analysis about the association between Hcy and the TOAST subtypes of ischemic stroke in Chinese. This study; therefore, aimed to evaluate whether elevated homocysteine levels are associated with the TOAST subtypes of ischemic stroke using a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases were conducted for studies reporting homocysteine levels in ischemic stroke and the TOAST of ischemic stroke to April 18, 2018. The data were extracted after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. LJI308 cell line All the data were analyzed using Stata software version 9.0 (Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX). The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS Thirteen studies comprising 311ic stroke patients and the TOAST of ischemic stroke patients in Chinese had significantly higher homocysteine levels than the controls, suggesting that serum homocysteine levels may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke and the TOAST subtypes of ischemic stroke in Chinese.RATIONALE The aim of this report is to present the technique of selective nerve root blockage combined with posterior percutaneous cervical endoscopic discectomy (PPECD) for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old female has pain in the skin area of the left scapular, pain in left elbow and limitation of left upper limb movement for 1.5 years. DIAGNOSIS She was diagnosed with CSR and C6-7 double nerve root variation. INTERVENTIONS We used selective nerve root block to determine the lesion segment and applied PPECD to relieve pressure on the patient's nerve roots. OUTCOMES The pain symptoms disappeared after the patient was treated with C6-7 nerve root block. Endoscopic displayed C6-7 double nerve root variation on the left side of the spinal cord intraoperative. The neurological function was intact postoperatively and no recurrence of cervical disc herniation during the 5 months' follow-up period. The hospitalization time was 5 days, the operation time was 68.2 minutes and the bleeding volume was 52.6 ml. There was no change in cervical curvature and cervical disc height postoperatively. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, SF-36 score and Visual Analogue Scale score improved significantly postoperatively. LESSONS The application of selective nerve root blockage combined with PPECD for CSR could achieve satisfactory effect of position and decompression of the injured nerve root. Besides, we recommend that surgery be performed under general anesthesia to minimize patients' emotional stress and discomfort.RATIONALE Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare type of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although data of PTL in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are accumulating, there are still patients respond poorly to prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS All patients had disease of the DLBCL subtype and those patients had primary involvement of the testis. In our studies, eleven patients had stage I/II disease, and 3 patients had advanced disease with B symptoms. Four patients exhibited a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6- expression pattern, 4 patients had a MYC+, BCL6+, and BCL2- expression pattern, and 3 patients had a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6+ expression pattern. Additionally, 43% (7/16) of PT-DLBCL patients had a germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) phenotype, while the others had a non-GCB phonotype. DIAGNOSES In our case, most patients presented with unilateral painless scrotal swelling and the enlargement of the testicles in the first examination. After hospitalization, all patients underwent preoperative imageological examination of the testis and epididymis and postoperative revealed that all patients were the diffuse infiltration of a large number of anomalous lymphocytes.
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