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Glutamate Metabolic rate throughout Mitochondria is actually Closely Related to Alzheimer's Disease.
rage is essential in reducing the burden of a majority of respiratory ailments along with health education.
A novel coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in December 2019, causing a disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). WHO declared the COVID-19 emergency as a pandemic in March 2020. Following nationwide lockdowns, it becomes pertinent that the self-quarantined medical students are able to dispense necessary knowledge regarding appropriate prevention practices related to the disease to their respective families and communities, therefore playing a positive role in sharing the economic load of the health system already overburdened by the increasing number of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of undergraduate medical students of the Twin Cities of Pakistan toward COVID-19, with regards to their observance of precautionary measures against the disease.

Online data in this descriptive cross- sectional study was collected through self-developed questionnaires from 267 undergraduate medical students of twin cities, by convenient sampling.

High level of knowledge (72.7%) regarding Covid-19 infection among undergraduate medical students was consistent with their practices (70.8%) but not with their satisfactory attitude (p<0.01). Being female than male and students of private medical colleges showed more satisfactory attitude (p<0.05) and knowledge (p<0.01) towards Covid-19 infection respectively, while practices were more among the students of public sector medical college (p<0.05).

The Knowledge of the students was satisfactory and consistent with their practices but not with their Satisfactory attitude, indicating a need to improve upon the prevailing attitude regarding infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and their prevention.
The Knowledge of the students was satisfactory and consistent with their practices but not with their Satisfactory attitude, indicating a need to improve upon the prevailing attitude regarding infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and their prevention.
Feedback is an essential component of the clinical skills development of dental students. The clinical training is a complex integration of knowledge, psychomotor skills, behaviour and clinical communication skills under stress for both instructor and student. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of undergraduate dental students and their instructors on the quality of clinical feedback.

The current cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Riphah International University, Islamabad from August to December 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect responses from final year undergraduate dental students and faculty. selleck chemical The questionnaire comprised of 13 items, subdivided into six categories, targeting the various aspects of clinical feedback. SPSS 23 was utilized to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics were tabulated and data was analysed using the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) for differences between the two cohoand learners must be promoted to increase the level of understanding of the feedback given by the clinical instructors.
Perspectives of practicing medicine have rapidly changed due to global shift and interconnectedness. Doctors who do not develop their leadership skills may lack the acumen to make significant choices which enhance the quality and effectiveness of care. Pakistan is one of those countries that have not yet introduced the leadership skills training for undergraduate medical students. Aim of this study was to perform "a perceived need analysis for teaching leadership skills to undergraduate medical students in Pakistan".

The study was designed using phenomenological approach to gain detailed insights into what the research participants think about leadership. Qualitative methods were used for data collection and analysis. Data were collected from fourteen medial students in their 3rd, 4th and 5th year and eight staff members of medical colleges through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion respectively. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Participants agreed that leadership skills the importance of clinical leadership and depicted the preparedness to have leadership education implemented in the curriculum.
There is a perceived need to introduce a leadership course in early years of medical curriculum of Pakistan, as participants acknowledge the importance of clinical leadership and depicted the preparedness to have leadership education implemented in the curriculum.
Primary nocturnal enuresis is one of the common problems in children. Mostly parents are concern for this condition in children and also children are depressive from this condition. The main stay of treatment is the training of child. The objective of this study was to look for the outcome of conservative management of primary nocturnal enuresis.

This study was done in OPD of paediatrics department. Patients aged five year or more were included in the study. Patient age, weight, sex, blood pressure, family history in siblings and parents, number of wet days/week, recorded on specific proforma along with renal function tests. Patients were advised fluid restriction after evening and micturition before sleep and after 2-3 hours of sleep. Follow up was done after six months to observe for the impact of habit change. Data has been analysed by SPSS 20 and results are taken significant with p-value <0.05.

Out of 81 patients, 41 were male and 40 females. Age ranged from 5 to 14 years and mean age was 8.2±2.35 years. There were 11.1% parents who had primary nocturnal enuresis during childhood and in 29.6% siblings, history was positive. Follow up at 6 months, 58% patients improved while 42% showed no improvement. There was significant relationship between evening fluid restriction, micturition before and after sleep with improvement at 6 months with p-value of 0.010, <0.001 and 0.002 respectively.

Conservative management is the effective intervention in children as parents should be emphasized for habit change.
Conservative management is the effective intervention in children as parents should be emphasized for habit change.
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