Notes

The fermented soya cocktail Q-CAN® plus triggers valuable modifications in the actual oral as well as intestinal tract microbiome.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with many complications leading to premature death. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the proportion of the population unaware of the condition, in association with modifiable risk factors.

Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey were used (n=3773 adults, 40.8% men) and were obtained by trained personnel.

Diabetes mellitus disease status was categorized as per the International Classification of Diseases codes (10th version). A subsample from the two main metropolitan areas was used to assess T2D and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (n=990; 38.2% men) from plasma analysis.

The prevalence of T2D in the population was 5.2% in total, reaching 13.7% in adults aged >60 years (no sex differences). IFG was observed in 27.3% of adults in the two metropolitan areas, and 40% were unaware of having T2D in this subsample. The likelihood of having T2D significantly increased with age and body weight, whereas it decreased with higher educational level and physical activity (P for all <0.001).

The high T2D prevalence in adults, especially among the older age-groups, suggests a major public health problem in Greece.
The high T2D prevalence in adults, especially among the older age-groups, suggests a major public health problem in Greece.
To evaluate the predictive capacity of different frailty scales, as well as the strength of the handgrip, and to determine their relationship with clinical favourable outcomes.

Prospective study of patients admitted to the Geriatric Functional Recovery Unit (GFRU) of the Hospital Central Cruz Roja. The «FRAIL» scale, «Clinical Frailty Scale» (CFS) and «Fragil-VIG» index, and handgrip strength by hydraulic dynamometer were completed on admission. A functional gain was assumed as 20 or more points in the Barthel Index and return to home, as good outcomes at discharge. The discriminative capacity of favourable outcomes for each frailty scale and handgrip strength was analysed by means of ROC curves, calculating the C statistic (area under the curve = AUC).

The analysis included 74 patients (median age 82 years; 48.5% women), admitted for stroke recovery (65%), orthopaedic pathology (16%), and other causes (19%). The prevalence of frailty varied between 31% (FRAIL scale), 40% (CFS), and 57.5% («Fragil-VIG»). Median handgrip strength was 15 Kg in males (interquartile range 11-21), and 9 Kg in females (interquartile range 7-12). At discharge, 51.5% of patients had a functional gain of 20 or more points in Barthel index, and 63% returned to their previous home. The discriminating ability to achieve acceptable functional gain at discharge was good for CFS (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI; 0.60-0.84) and «Fragil-VIG» (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI;0.58-0.82), and handgrip strength was the only tool related to return home (AUC = 0.68; 95% CI;0.56-0.81).

To evaluate frailty on admission to a GFRU contributes to predicting favourable clinical outcomes, but the discriminating capacity of each scale is variable.
To evaluate frailty on admission to a GFRU contributes to predicting favourable clinical outcomes, but the discriminating capacity of each scale is variable.The exact contribution of the orbital lacrimal gland (OLG) is unknown and is still a subject of debate and inconsistency in literature. Currently, there are no detailed studies addressing the influence of the OLG removal on tear production in equines. This study aimed to address the influence of surgical excision of the OLG on aqueous tear production and ocular surface health in donkeys. The study was conducted on six clinically healthy donkeys with no ophthalmic abnormalities. In each donkey, the OLG of the left eye was surgically excised, whereas the right eye was served as a control. External ophthalmic examination, Schirmer tear test (STT) I and II, tear pH, fluorescein staining test were conducted on both eyes, preoperatively and at one-week intervals for 60 days, postoperatively. There were significant decreases in STT I and II values (P = .0001 and .0001, respectively), whereas tear pH values showed a significant increase (P = .0001) in the operated eyes compared with the control ones. There were no overt clinical signs characteristics of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in the operated eyes. However, there was evidence of microinjury of the keratoconjunctival epithelium evidenced by positive fluorescein uptake, postoperatively. Surgical excision of the OLG significantly diminished the aqueous tear production and threatened the corneal epithelium as a result of corneal dehydration. On the contrary to the recommendations of other studies, eyes subjected to this procedure should receive treatment of dry eye to prevent development of KCS, postoperatively.A five-year-old Thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of chronic, malodorous, unilateral nasal discharge, and suspected maxillary cheek tooth root abscess. Skull radiographs revealed bilateral sinusitis suspected secondary to tooth root abscessation of 109 and 210. Following oral extraction of 109, bilateral conchofrontal sinus trephination and lavage; fever, tachycardia, and cervical stiffness developed. A lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid tap was performed, and a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made. find more Targeted therapy consisted of antibiotic treatment with penicillin, enrofloxacin, and metronidazole, as well as antiinflammatory treatment with flunixin meglumine, dexamethasone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Following the resolution of fever, tachycardia, and cervical stiffness, the second abscessed tooth, 210, was extracted. The mare was discharged receiving enrofloxacin. Twelve months later, the mare continued to do well with no residual signs of meningitis. Bacterial meningitis should be regarded as a life-threatening, although rare, the complication of dental or sinus surgery in horses. Early diagnosis and therapy may result in a successful outcome.Penile prolapse is a disease manifested by an inability to retract the penis into the preputial sheath. It is reported in a variety of animal species, especially in young and intact males. However, penile prolapse in horses is commonly caused by trauma, sexual activity, pseudohermaphroditism, or neurological deficits, and less often by an infectious background. The present case report aimed to determine the etiological factor of penis infection associated with penile prolapse in a stallion in Poland. Our report indicates that the infectious background of penile prolapse was related to the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Based on antibiotic susceptibility results, the stallion was administered effective streptomycin and enrofloxacin treatment and recovered without complications. The following options are likely to be the infection source contamination of hay or animal hygiene products. Finally, given its ability to grow in antiseptic solutions, difficulties in culturing, and innate multidrug resistance, this microorganism is currently a challenge to both detection and treatment in veterinary medicine cases.
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