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Mineral or crystal fouling (the accumulation of precipitants on a material and damage associated with the same) is a pervasive problem in water treatment, thermoelectric power production, and numerous industrial processes. Growing efforts have focused on materials engineering strategies (e.g., superhydrophobicity) to prevent fouling. Here, we present a curious phenomenon in which crystals self-eject from heated, nanotextured superhydrophobic materials during evaporation of saline water drops. These crystal structures (crystal critters) have exceedingly minimal contact with the substrate and thus pre-empt crystal fouling. This unusual phenomenon is caused by cooperative effects of crystallization, evaporative flows, and nanoscale effects. BLU-945 order The temperature dependence of the critter effect can be predicted using principles of mass conservation, and we demonstrate that self-propulsion can be generated via temperature gradients, which promote asymmetric growth. The insights on confinement-driven evaporative crystallization can be applied for antifouling by self-ejection of mineral foulants, for drop-based fluidic machines, or even for self-propulsion.
There have been doubts about the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and worsening kidney function, and whether there is a difference between risks of individual nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is presently unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure and the risk of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
and compare the risks between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug subtypes in the Chinese population.

From 2008 to 2017, a total of 1,982,488 subjects aged 18 years or older with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m
were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for each patient's baseline characteristics was adopted to examine the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
or eGFR decline ≥30% with reference to baseline.

After a median follow-up duration of 6.3 (interquartile rangry drug exposure was associated with higher risks of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
and eGFR decline ≥30%. Highest risk was observed in etoricoxib users, and lowest risk was with ibuprofen.

This article contains a podcast at https//www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_04_28_CJN18501120.mp3.
This article contains a podcast at https//www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_04_28_CJN18501120.mp3.
To determine whether there is a correlation between the presence of macular dilated choroidal vein (DCV) and the recurrence of myopic macular neovascularisation (MNV) after antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment.

Medical records of 168 eyes of 163 patients with myopic MNV were reviewed for the presence of macular DCV and episodes of recurrences. A macular DCV was defined as a choroidal vein whose diameter was 2× larger than the adjacent veins coursing in the macular area of 5.5 mm diameter.

Macular DCV existed in 47 (28%) of the eyes with myopic MNV. 70 eyes (41.7%) had recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 52.5±23.0 months. Recurrence was found in 28 of the 47 eyes (59.6%) with DCV, which was significantly more frequent than the 42 of the 121 eyes (34.7%) without DCV (p=0.003). Cox model analysis showed that macular DCV was an independent risk factor (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5) for recurrence. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in eyes with DCV within the first 2 years after the onset than in eyes without DCV.

Macular DCVs may be indicators of a more aggressive phenotype of eyes with myopic MNV. These eyes need careful monitoring after anti-VEGF therapies.
Macular DCVs may be indicators of a more aggressive phenotype of eyes with myopic MNV. These eyes need careful monitoring after anti-VEGF therapies.
We report two cases of endothelial corneal allograft rejection following immunisation with SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine BNT162b2 and describe the implications for management of transplant recipients postvaccination for COVID-19.

A 66-year-old woman with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and a unilateral Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) transplant received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 14 days post-transplant. Seven days later, she presented with symptoms and signs of endothelial graft rejection. An 83-year-old woman with bilateral DMEK transplants for FECD 3 and 6 years earlier developed simultaneous acute endothelial rejection in both eyes, 3 weeks post second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. Rejection in both cases was treated successfully with topical corticosteroids.

We believe this is the first report of temporal association between corneal transplant rejection following immunisation against COVID-19 and the first report of DMEK rejection following anyatients should be counselled on the symptoms and signs that require urgent review to allow early treatment of any confirmed rejection episode.
The COVID-19 has facilitated a paradigm shift in the sphere of ophthalmic telemedicine its utility is no longer limited to providing care to remote regions, rather it is expeditiously being adopted as the new standard of care. The aim of our paper is to explore the current attitudes of oculoplastic surgeons towards telemedicine and its utility in the present landscape and its prospects in the future.

A 39-item questionnaire was distributed to consultant oculoplastic surgeons practising across the UK and anonymised responses were collected and analysed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed rapid implementation of telemedicine services in oculoplastic departments across the UK with 86.6% of the respondents incorporating telemedicine into the routine clinical practice. Clinicians reported a statistically significant increase in utility of telemedicine, confidence in using telemedicine and quality of infrastructure available to employ telemedicine following the COVID-19 outbreak. The greatest utility of telemedicine is in triaging, postoperative assessment and eyelid lesion assessment.
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