Notes

The knowledge, attitudes along with practices associated with physicians, pharmacy technicians as well as nurses about antimicrobials, anti-microbial opposition and also antimicrobial stewardship within South Africa.
Although psychiatric rehabilitation has grown dramatically over the last several decades, it remains unclear whether there are general overarching mechanisms of action. One lesser explored possibility is that psychiatric rehabilitation has its long-term effects because of its impact on sense of self. In this special issue authors use the concept of metacognition to explore the links between different forms of psychiatric rehabilitation and sense of self. Summarizing the articles in this issue and previous literature, we suggest that metacognition may offer a way to empirically study how psychiatric rehabilitation practices go beyond empowerment and skills acquisition to deeply affect the subjective experience of recovering persons. Specifically, we suggest that this work helps clarify how reflective abilities that support meaning making and termed here as "metacognition" are an essential part of wellness and recovery. We discuss how these reflective abilities and subsequent meanings emerge within an intersubjective framework emphasizing community and relatedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).People often face choices between known options and unknown ones. Our research documents a social-exploration effect People are more likely to explore unknown options when they learn about known options from other people's experiences. Across four studies (N = 2,333), we used an incentive-compatible paradigm where participants chose between known and unknown options (e.g., cash bonuses). We found higher exploration rates (i.e., choosing of unknown options) when information about known options came from other people, compared with an unidentified source (Study 1a) or a computer (Studies 1b-4). We theorize that the social-exploration effect results from people's tendency to intuitively adopt a group-level perspective with other people a "we"-perspective. Thus, in social contexts, people explore more to diversify their experience as a group. Supporting this account, we find the effect attenuates in exploration of losses, where people do not wish to adopt a group-level perspective of others' losses (Study 2). Furthermore, the effect is obtained only if others have experienced the outcome; not when they only revealed its content (Study 3). Finally, the social-exploration effect generalizes to everyday choices, such as choosing a movie to watch (Study 4). Taken together, these findings highlight the social aspect of individual exploration decisions and offer practical implications for how to encourage exploration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We conducted a person-centered analysis of the Aspiration Index to identify subgroups that differ in the levels of their specific (wealth, fame and image, personal growth, relationships, community giving, and health) and global intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations. In a Hungarian (N = 3,370; 77% female; age M = 23.57), an Australian (N = 1,632; 51% female; age M = 16.6), and an American sample (N = 6,063; 82.2% female; age M = 21.86), we conducted separate bifactor exploratory structural equation models to disentangle the level of higher-order intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations from the shape of specific aspirations by using the resultant factor scores as indicators in latent profile analyses. The analyses yielded 3 replicable latent profiles Disengaged from relationships and health (Profile 1); Aspiring for interpersonal relationships more than community relationships (Profile 2); and Aspiring for community relationships more than interpersonal relationships (Profile 3), with Profile 3 reliably experiencing the highest well-being. To demonstrate the incremental value of our approach to more traditional variable-centered methods, we used profile membership to predict well-being while controlling for the aspirations that comprise the profiles. Even in these conservative tests, profile membership explained additional variance in well-being. However, the real-life significance of the size of the incremental value appeared quite small. These studies make a unique contribution to the literature by identifying replicable latent profiles of aspiring, membership to which uniquely predicted well-being, over and above the constituent variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Existing literature examining burnout in psychotherapists has not adequately considered the contributing role of emotional labor. Similarly, emotional labor research has not sufficiently explored how this construct operates in the context of psychologists who provide individual psychotherapy. To address these existing gaps in the literature, thematic analysis was conducted on interviews with 24 psychologists who provide individual psychotherapy to determine the perceived consequences of emotional labor identified by the participants. Participants discussed personal growth, feeling depleted and exhausted, and craving space free from people and work-related emotion as consequences of emotion management in the context of providing individual psychotherapy. The findings suggest that emotional labor can exert positive, negative, and neutral effects on psychologists providing psychotherapy and is worthy of attention as a variable in efforts to promote positive well-being. In the occupational group of psychologists providing individual psychotherapy, performing emotional labor can lead to personal growth, emotional exhaustion, and a need to distance oneself from work-related emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objective This study sought to understand the extent and influence of head injuries (HIs) on recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of treatment-seeking survivors of interpersonal violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV). Method Three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of cognitive processing therapy were combined to form a repository resulting in 306 participants (92% women) diagnosed with PTSD. Participants were an average age of 36.83 years old (SD = 12.15), and 56% were White and 40% were Black. RCTs were conducted at the same location, with the same procedures and overlapping staff. Elamipretide order PTSD was diagnosed via the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and trauma history and injuries were assessed via the clinician-administered Trauma Interview. Results Most of the sample (74.9%) reported HI during at least 1 interpersonal assault. Higher rates of HI were reported in those who endorsed IPV (84.
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