Notes

Educators' implementation and use involving social along with emotional mastering at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Important developments in the study of decision making have been based on the establishment and testing of choice paradoxes (e.g., Allais') that reject different theories (e.g., Expected Utility Theory). One of the most popular and celebrated models in the literature, Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT), has managed to retain its status despite a growing body of empirical evidence stemming from a collection of choice paradoxes that reject it. Two alternative models, Transfer of Attention Exchange (TAX) and an extension of Decision Field Theory (DFTe), have been proposed as possible alternatives to CPT. To date, no study has directly compared these three models within the context of a large set of lottery problems that tests different choice paradoxes. The present study accomplishes this by using a large and diverse set of lottery problems, involving both potential gains and losses. Our results support the presence and robustness of a set of 'strong' choice paradoxes that reject CPT irrespective of its parametric form. Model comparison results show that DFTe provides the best account for the present set of lottery problems, as it is able to accommodate the choice data at large in a parsimonious fashion. The success of DFTe shows that many behavioral phenomena, including paradoxes that CPT cannot account for, can be successfully captured by a simple noisy-sampling process. Overall, our results suggest that researchers should move away from CPT, and focus their efforts on alternative models such as DFTe. BACKGROUND Although several complications after ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) have been reported, transoral protrusion of a peritoneal catheter is a rare event. In the few reported cases from the literature, it is more common in pediatric patients. This case report describes the first adult in the literature with a transoral VPS protrusion after jejunal perforation. CASE DESCRIPTION A 58-year-old man with posttraumatic hydrocephalus was noted with the distal tubing of the VPS protruding from his mouth after he vomited. SB203580 nmr Radiologic imaging showed jejunal perforation of the distal part of the VPS. The VPS was initially externalized, and then removed. The patient remained stable. CONCLUSIONS We present a rare case of transoral protrusion of a peritoneal catheter 11 months after a VPS procedure and review of the literature through this article. Crown All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Venous stenting is a common treatment for chronic peripheral venous disease. The most frequent complications caused by this technique are stent misplacement and intra-cardiac or intra-vascular stent migration. In this publication, we will describe the first case of an intra-spinal stent misplacement, leading to lumbar nerve root compression. CASE DESCRIPTION Our patient is a 20-year-old woman with a bilateral pulmonary embolism caused by a right common iliac vein thrombosis and a severe compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery (May-Thurner or Cockett syndrome). She underwent an endovascular stenting of the left iliac vein. A few days later, she reported some pain in the right L5 radicular, showed signs of hypoesthesia of the left leg and of paresis of the left extensor hallucis longus muscle. A lumbar computed tomography scan showed a stent misplacement into the spinal canal through the left L5 foramen with nerve root compression. She underwent a surgical removal of the stent through a unilateral L5-S1 laminarthrectomy. The postoperative follow-up showed a complete clinical recovery and a control lumbar CT-scan confirmed the L5 nerve roots decompression. CONCLUSION The intra-spinal misplacement of a venous stent is a rare complication which may cause nerve root injury. It requires a prompt treatment. Surgically removing the stent by a posterior approach seems to be a simple and safe therapeutic option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) and the Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score (TL AOSIS) have any superiority to each other in terms of the reliability of their recommendations for guiding the treatment strategy of thoracolumbar spine injuries. METHODS A total of 110 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar injuries hospitalized from January to September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The TLICS and the TL AOSIS systems were compared based on patients' therapeutic decisions suggested by each system. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were studied. The TL AOSIS matched treatment decision-making in 108 patients (98.18%), and the TLICS matched 96 patients (87.27%). Of the patients without neurologic deficit, according to TL AOSIS system, 12 of 62 received >5 points, 12 received 4 or 5 points, and 38 received 4 points, and 26 received 4 points, and the systems achieved agreement. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations of TL AOSIS might be more reliable than those of TLICS particularly for guiding the surgical management of complete burst fractures. Even for the most experienced neurosurgeons, the Foramen Magnum Meningiomas (FMMs) represent a surgical challenge due to their delicate placement surrounded by the brainstem, lower cranial nerves, and vertebral arteries. The treatment goal is a gross-total resection, but choose the most appropriate approach is also a defiance. Basically, three surgical approaches are commonly used the postero-lateral approach (far-lateral), the anterolateral approach (extreme-lateral) and posterior midline approach. However, over the years, the skull base surgery evolved from the standard open craniotomies to the use of microscopes and, more recently, to the development of endoscopic techniques. The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) permits a direct extradural route without brain retraction, shorter postoperative recovery and differently for the oral route, preserve the soft palate and retropharyngeal soft tissues, allowing patients to resume a regular diet on the first postoperative day. Despite the advantages, the EEA is yet not widely used for treating FMMs, even in cases that the use is possible. The EEA is feasible especially in cases with no vascular encasements and with a limited inferior extension giving minimum lower cranial nerves manipulation. Attention must be taken with tumors with a more lateral and caudal extension (below the tip of the odontoid process), when Far Lateral Approach may be the best approach. In this surgical video, we present the surgical details with a stepwise narrative of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for ventrolateral FMM through an illustrative case of a 48-year-old woman. Institutional informed consent was obtained for surgery and publication of this video.
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