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Effect of hypochlorous acidity nose area spray as a possible adjuvant therapy right after functional endoscopic nose surgical procedure.
These results revealed that structural abnormality exists in NMO female patients who have pain, with significant implications for our understanding of the brain morphology in NMO patients with pain. BACKGROUND To systematically review and synthesize the literature on the multiple sclerosis (MS) gut microbiota composition as compared to persons without MS. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2008-2018). RESULTS Of 415 articles identified ten fulfilled criteria. All studies used a case-control design, six sourced participants from the US, two Germany, one Italy, and one Japan. Nine focused exclusively on adults and one on children, totaling 286 MS and 296 control participants. Over 90% of cases had relapsing-remitting MS; disease duration ranged from 10.6 ± 6.5 months to 15.3 ± 8.6 years (mean±SD). Nine studies examined stool and one evaluated duodenal mucosa. Diverse platforms were used to quantify microbes Illumina MiSeq, Roche 454, microarray, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. None of eight studies reported a significant alpha-diversity differences between cases and controls. Two of seven studies reported a difference in beta-diversity (P ≤ 0.002). At the taxa-level, ≥2 studies observed lower relative abundance of Prevotella, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides coprophilus, Bacteroides fragilis, and higher Methanobrevibacter and Akkermansia muciniphila in MS cases versus controls. Exposure to an immunomodulatory drug (IMD), relative to no exposure, was associated with individual taxonomic differences in three of three studies. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota diversity did not differ between MS cases and controls in the majority of studies. However, taxonomic differences were found, with consistent patterns emerging across studies. Tivozanib in vivo Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between IMD exposure and differences in the gut microbiota composition. BACKGROUND Cervical spinal cord atrophy (CSCA), which partly reflects the axonal loss in the spinal cord, is increasingly recognized as a valuable predictor of disease outcome. However, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the correlation of CSCA and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the available data obtained from 3.0-Tesla (3T) MRI scanners and to explore the relationship between CSCA and scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published from the database inception to February 1, 2019. The quality of the articles was assessed according to a quality evaluation checklist which was created based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. We conducted a meta-analysis of the correlation between EDSS scores and CSCA at 3T MRI in MS. RESULTS Twenty-two eligible studies involving 1933 participants were incorporated into our meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that CSCA was negatively and moderately correlated with EDSS scores (rs = -0.42, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.32; p less then 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed a weaker correlation in the group of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (rs = -0.19, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.07; p = 0.0029). CONCLUSIONS The correlation between CSCA and EDSS scores was significant but moderate. We encourage more studies using reliable and consistent methods to explore whether CSCA is suitable as a predictor for MS progression. V.BACKGROUND Recent data on rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients after MS diagnosis are sparse. OBJECTIVE To describe incident CVD in MS patients after diagnosis compared with a matched non-MS population. METHODS We conducted a matched cohort study in two separate electronic medical databases, the United States Department of Defense military health care system and the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. The study population included all patients with a first recorded diagnosis of MS and no history of CVD or selected measurable comorbidities associated with CVD and matched non-MS patients who were also free of CVD and the CVD associated comorbidities. We identified incident CVD outcomes first recorded after the MS diagnosis / matched date and calculated incidence rates and incidence rate ratios by type of CVD. RESULTS Rates of venous thromboembolism and peripheral vascular disease were 2-fold higher among MS than non-MS patients in both databases and the risk of myocardial infarction was 2.5 times higher among female MS patients compared with non-MS females in both databases. Other CVD outcomes were not consistent between databases. CONCLUSION MS patients in the UK and the US have increased risk of venous thromboembolism and peripheral vascular disease. The risk of myocardial infarction is increased among female MS patients. V.Recent studies implicate B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, and consequently, several molecules participating in B cell survival and proliferation, including B-cell activating factor (BAFF), have recently been analyzed in MS patients. BAFF mediates its function through binding to three receptors; among them, its interaction with the BAFF receptor (BAFFR) is crucial in mediating its survival function. Interestingly, two common polymorphisms of the TNFRSF13C gene, encoding BAFFR, P21R (rs77874543) and H159Y (rs61756766), have been reported to affect BAFFR assembly and signaling. In order to evaluate the possible contribution of BAFFR in MS pathogenesis and/or phenotype, we analyzed both TNFRSF13C/BAFFR polymorphisms in 486 MS patients in relation to their disease severity, their disability status and the age of disease onset and duration. As control group, we used allele frequencies extracted from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) Browser. Interestingly, we found a higher prevalence of the H159Y polymorphism in MS patients, suggesting that enhanced BAFFR-signaling might contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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