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Being female, younger, of lower income or education level and belonging to an ethnic minority group were consistently associated with being less likely to intend to vaccinate. Findings were consistent across higher vs. lower quality studies.

Intentions to be vaccinated when a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available have been declining across countries and there is an urgent need to address social inequalities in vaccine hesitancy and promote widespread uptake of vaccines as they become available.

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Children with epilepsy are at increased risk of complications from vaccine-preventable infections, yet information on vaccine coverage in these children is scarce. We aimed to compare vaccine coverage among children with epilepsy to children without epilepsy.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all 2005-2013 births in Manitoba and Ontario, Canada, creating two cohorts 2-year-olds and 7-year-olds (followed to age 2 and 7years). We split each cohort into epilepsy and non-epilepsy subcohorts. We assessed vaccination coverage based on provincial schedules and determined timeliness of MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) dose 1 (recommended at 12months) and DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) dose 4 (recommended at 18months). We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of the association between epilepsy and vaccination, combining both provincial estimates using random effects meta-analysis.

We included 16,558 2-year-olds (Manitoba, 653; Ontario, 15,905) and 13,004 7-year-s children with epilepsy are at a higher risk of complications from vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination in children with epilepsy should be optimized, especially early in life, as these children may not be able to rely on herd protection.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the reliability of 2 methods (Andrews' Element III analysis and Yonsei transverse analysis) in maxillary transverse deficiency diagnosis.

Plaster casts and cone-beam computed tomography images of 80 outpatients with skeletal Class I malocclusion (29 males and 51 females, mean age, 20.16±8.22years) were selected. Maxillary and mandibular width were measured, respectively, and independently by 2 examiners at an interval of 2weeks, using Andrews' Element III analysis and Yonsei transverse analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots of intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability were evaluated. After diagnosis, Cohen's kappa statistics were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic agreement.

The intraclass correlation coefficients were all above 0.85, indicating good to excellent reliability. Compared with Andrews' Element III analysis, Yonsei transverse analysis had higher intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability in both maxillary and mandibular width measurements. Thirty-one to 42 of the patients were diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency by 2 examiners using 2 methods. The intraexaminer and interexaminer Cohen's kappa values of Yonsei transverse analysis were all higher than those of Andrews' Element III analysis.

Both Andrews' Element III analysis and Yonsei transverse analysis had good to excellent reliability and substantial diagnostic agreement. Yonsei transverse analysis had higher reliability in maxillary and mandibular width measurements and higher diagnostic agreement, compared with Andrews' Element III analysis.
Both Andrews' Element III analysis and Yonsei transverse analysis had good to excellent reliability and substantial diagnostic agreement. Yonsei transverse analysis had higher reliability in maxillary and mandibular width measurements and higher diagnostic agreement, compared with Andrews' Element III analysis.
Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may cause urologic injury and delay patient discharge. This study measures the incidence of POUR and identifies predictive risk factors.

Two-hundred seventy-one consecutive patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were prospectively enrolled. Bladder scans were performed in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and every four hours thereafter. POUR was defined as >400cc with inability to void and was treated with catheterization. Patient demographics, urologic history, operative data, perioperative medications, and bladder scanner volumes were investigated with the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Fifty-five patients (20%) developed POUR. Compared with non-POUR patients, PACU bladder scan volumes were greater in patients who developed POUR (344cc vs 120cc, P < .001). POUR patients had lower BMI (27.8 vs 29.4, P= .03), longer operative duration (83.9 vs 76.0minutes, P= .002), and lower ASA scores (2.graphics and PACU bladder scanning may identify those at risk. Appropriate pain control and judicious use of perioperative NSAIDs and glycopyrrolate may help minimize the risk of POUR.
To improve the accuracy of tibial cut during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), navigation-assisted UKA has been implemented. It has been reported that inexperienced surgeons who use a navigation system achieve better alignment than experienced surgeons who do not use a navigation system. However, there have been no reports comparing the alignments and clinical outcomes of navigation-assisted UKA performed by experienced surgeons in comparison with that by inexperienced surgeons. This study aims to compare these parameters of navigation-assisted UKA performed by experienced and inexperienced surgeons.

A total of 209 UKA procedures using an image-free navigation system were included. One experienced surgeon performed 128 UKAs (E group), and six inexperienced surgeons performed 81 UKAs (I group). The target value in the coronal tibial plane was set at 2.0° in varus. Prosthetic alignments and clinical results were compared between the two groups.

No significant differences were found between the twoand cautious surgical techniques.
There is no recent literature review comparing outcomes of fixation methods for nondisplaced stress fractures of the femoral neck.

A systematic review of the literature on operative fixation of femoral neck stress fractures was performed. Inclusion criteria consisted of diagnosis of nondisplaced femoral neck stress fractures, implants used for fixation, articles in English language or available English translation, all ages, and Level 1-5 evidence, documented time to healing, and incidence of complications. Statistical analysis was performed to compare outcomes.

Eight studies with 13 subjects and 15 fractures undergoing operative fixation were included. Six fracture were compression sided, five were tension sided, and four were complete. Radiographic healing occurred on average at 32.7±36.3 weeks (range 8-121 weeks). selleck Four subjects were noted to have a metabolic disturbance. Six subjects did not participate in vigorous exercise. There were no complications. There was no significant difference in radiographic healing time between cannulated screws or SHS ± osteotomy (p=0.
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