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Goof discover, monkey faucet: mimicry to move dynamics throughout coordinated scraping.
Context The contribution of forest understory to the temperate forest carbon sink is not well known, increasing the uncertainty in C cycling feedbacks on global climate as estimated by Earth System Models. Objectives We aimed at quantifying the effect of woody and non-woody understory vegetation on net ecosystem production (NEP) for a forested area of 158 km2 in the European Alps. Methods We simulated C dynamics for the period 2000-2014, characterized by above-average temperatures, windstorms and a subsequent bark beetle outbreak for the area, using the regional ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC. Sunitinib molecular weight Results In the entire study area, woody and non-woody understory vegetation caused between 16 and 37% higher regional NEP as compared to a bare soil scenario over the 15-year period. The mean annual contribution of the understory to NEP was in the same order of magnitude as the average annual European (EU-25) forest C sink. After wind and bark beetle disturbances, the understory effect was more pronounced, leading to an increase in NEP between 35 and 67% compared to simulations not taking into account these components. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the importance of processes related to the understory in the context of the climate change mitigation potential of temperate forest ecosystems. The expected increases in stand replacing disturbances due to climate change call for a better representation of understory vegetation dynamics and its effect on the ecosystem C balance in regional assessments and Earth System Models. © The Author(s) 2020.Climate-related disasters cause substantial disruptions to human societies. With climate change, many extreme weather and climate events are expected to become more severe and more frequent. The International Disaster Database (EM-DAT) records climate-related disasters associated with observed impacts such as affected people and economic damage on a country basis. Although disasters are classified into different meteorological categories, they are usually not linked to observed climate anomalies. Here, we investigate countrywide climate features associated with disasters that have occurred between 1950 and 2015 and have been classified as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold waves using superposed epoch analysis. We find that disasters classified as heat waves are associated with significant countrywide increases in annual mean temperature of on average 0.13 ∘C and a significant decrease in annual precipitation of 3.2%. Drought disasters show positive temperature anomalies of 0.08 ∘C and a 4.8 % precipitati risk. © The Author(s) 2019.Atmospheric circulation patterns derived from multi-spectral remote sensing can serve as a guide for choosing a suitable entry location for a future in situ probe mission to the Ice Giants. Since the Voyager-2 flybys in the 1980s, three decades of observations from ground- and space-based observatories have generated a picture of Ice Giant circulation that is complex, perplexing, and altogether unlike that seen on the Gas Giants. This review seeks to reconcile the various competing circulation patterns from an observational perspective, accounting for spatially-resolved measurements of zonal albedo contrasts and banded appearances; cloud-tracked zonal winds; temperature and para-H2 measurements above the condensate clouds; and equator-to-pole contrasts in condensable volatiles (methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulphide) in the deeper troposphere. These observations identify three distinct latitude domains an equatorial domain of deep upwelling and upper-tropospheric subsidence, potentially bounded by peaks in tinstruments capable of fully constraining the atmospheric motions at the probe descent location. © The Author(s) 2020.We here report isotope substitution neutron diffraction experiments on two variants of high-density amorphous ice (HDA) its unannealed form prepared via pressure-induced amorphization of hexagonal ice at 77 K, and its expanded form prepared via decompression of very-high density amorphous ice at 140 K. The latter is about 17 K more stable thermally, so that it can be heated beyond its glass-to-liquid transition to the ultraviscous liquid form at ambient pressure. The structural origin for this large thermal difference and the possibility to reach the deeply supercooled liquid state has not yet been understood. Here we reveal that the origin for this difference is found in the intermediate range structure, beyond about 3.6 Å. The hydration shell markedly differs at about 6 Å. The local order, by contrast, including the first as well as the interstitial space between first and second shell is very similar for both. 'eHDA' that is decompressed to 0.20 GPa instead of 0.07 GPa is here revealed to be rather far away from well-relaxed eHDA. Instead it turns out to be roughly halfway between VHDA and eHDA - stressing the importance for decompressing VHDA to at least 0.10 GPa to make an eHDA sample of good quality. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.in English, French Thrombo-embolisme aortique chez un chien croisé basset-beagle affecté de néphropathie avec perte de protéines. Un chien castré croisé basset-beagle âgé de 12 ans avec une histoire de néphropathie avec perte de protéines fut présenté à cause d’une boiterie avec appui du membre postérieur droit d’apparition aiguë accompagnée de parésie du train postérieur et évasement intermittent. La condition était douloureuse et progressa à une paraparésie non-ambulatoire. Le chien fut référé à une clinique d’urgence et de spécialité où diagnostic de thrombo-embolisme aortique fut confirmé. Ce cas illustre le défi que représente de diagnostiquer et déterminer la cause de thrombo-embolisme aortique chez les chiens.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).in English, French Essais cliniques récents et en cours sur l’ostéosarcome appendiculaire canin. L’ostéosarcome (OSA) est une tumeur osseuse primaire agressive chez le chien domestique qui se produit fréquemment dans le squelette appendiculaire. Malgré l’utilisation de chimiothérapie complémentaire, la majorité des chiens succombent aux métastases en dedans d’une année du diagnostic. Afin d’améliorer ce résultat, de la recherche substantielle est actuellement concentrée sur l’étude de thérapies nouvelles. À cet égard, nous révisons les traitements émergents et les essais cliniques qui, s’ils s’avèrent efficaces, pourraient révolutionner le standard de soins pour les OSA appendiculaires canins. Le présent article inclus une perspective critique de la sécurité, l’efficacité et les limitations d’un choix d’immunothérapie, de virothérapie, de radiothérapie, de thérapies ciblées et d’essais médicaux personnalisés, qui reflètent tous des investigations similaires effectuées en oncologie humaine. Ces essais cliniques représentent une évolution majeure dans l’approche globale à la thérapie de chiens avec OSA appendiculaire qui pourrait avoir des implications significatives pour améliorer la survie.
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