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AuHPCN-222 showed selective and better electrocatalytic activity toward ED than GCE. learn more The differential pulse voltammetric measurements by the fabricated sensor showed two linear determination ranges for ED; those are 0.01-1 and 1-220 μM. The measured limit of detection (m-LOD) was found to be 0.5 nM with the highest sensitivity of 2.2 μA μM cm-2. The analytical performances for the detection of ED in human urine and serum samples were done with reasonable recoveries (98%-103%) using the standard addition method. Also, the sensor showed better reproducibility and repeatability with stability.Microplastics (MPs) pollution has drawn increasing concern due to its widespread occurrence and potential risks in the environment. The reliable methods and instruments for fast analysis of microplastics (MPs) less than 5 mm are urgently needed. In this study, a new method based on custom-made portable pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Pyr-MS) is developed, which enables rapid identification and mass related quantification of MPs. MPs are decomposed in the compact pyrolyzer and then directly analyzed in the portable MS by the chemical fingerprints of polymers including characteristic ions and their special ratio. It avoids the complex extraction and separation procedures of the pyrolysis/thermogravimetric-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr/TGA-GC-MS), realizes the rapid analysis of MPs in 5 min, and thus can practically apply to a large number of MPs samples. In comparison to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman, this method is not limited by the shape, size, and color of MPs. Four common plastics including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated to verify the feasibility of this method. The environmental MPs samples collected from a beach were successfully identified and quantified, demonstrating the simplicity and practicality of this approach. The influence of plastics aging on the chemical fingerprints and the potential of mixed plastics detection by Pyr-MS are also assessed. The portable Pyr-MS could provide a promising tool for in-field analysis of MPs such as ship-based marine MPs surveys.The development of a simple detection method with high sensitivity is essential for the diagnosis and surveillance of infectious diseases. Previously, we constructed a sensitive biosensor for the detection of pathological human influenza viruses using a boron-doped diamond electrode terminated with a sialyloligosaccharide receptor-mimic peptide that could bind to hemagglutinins involved in viral infection. Circulation of influenza induced by the avian virus in humans has become a major public health concern, and methods for the detection of avian viruses are urgently needed. Here, peptide density and dendrimer generation terminated on the electrode altered the efficiency of viral binding to the electrode surface, thus significantly enhancing charge-transfer resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The peptide-terminated electrodes exhibited an excellent detection limit of less than one plaque-forming unit of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Furthermore, the improved electrode was detectable for avian viruses isolated from H5N3, H7N1, and H9N2, showing the potential for the detection of all subtypes of influenza A virus, including new subtypes. The peptide-based electrochemical architecture provided a promising approach to biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms.Defect-engineering is an exciting strategy for the modification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which can go beyond the limit of conventional MOFs, tailor material properties, and incorporate multiple functionalities. Herein, based on the large mixed-linker approach, we successfully integrated tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) into stable UiO-66 via an in situ one-pot synthetic method and used the obtained material for the removal of diclofenac (DF). TCPP@UiO-66 maintained the structure, excellent stability, and porosity of UiO-66. The defect density significantly affected the phase purity, crystallite morphology, and properties of TCPP@UiO-66s. Owing to the delicate balance between defects, stability, and porosity, TCPP@UiO-66(25%) was the optimal material in our system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Sips isothermal model described the adsorption of DF onto defect-engineered MOFs, and the adsorption capacity was 590 mg/g. Electrostatic interaction, Lewis acid-base interaction, π-πr, our strategy expands the functionality of the stable MOFs for potential applications in environmental remediation.Combination therapies utilize multiple mechanisms to target cancer cells to minimize cancer cell survival. Graphene provides an ideal platform for combination therapy due to its photothermal properties and high loading capacity for cancer-fighting molecules. Lipid functionalization of graphene extends its potential as a therapeutic platform by improving its biocompatibility and functionality. Previous studies involving graphene demonstrated its usage as a therapeutic vehicle; however, the effect of bare and engineered graphene structures on oxidative stress has not been comprehensively investigated. Because oxidative stress has been linked to cancer progression, it is vital to examine the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to therapeutic platforms. This study functionalizes reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with lipids and the antioxidant enzyme human manganese superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) and presents a detailed characterization of cellular responses to bare and functionalized rGO nanostructConspectusElectrochemistry has been used as a tool to drive chemical reactions for over two centuries. With the help of an electrode and a power source, chemists are bestowed with an imaginary reagent whose potential can be precisely dialed in. The theoretically infinite redox range renders electrochemistry capable of oxidizing or reducing some of the most tenacious compounds (e.g., F- to F2 and Li+ to Li0). Meanwhile, a granular level of control over the electrode potential allows for the chemoselective differentiation of functional groups with minute differences in potential. These features make electrochemistry an attractive technique for the discovery of new modes of reactivity and transformations that are not readily accessible with chemical reagents alone. Furthermore, the use of an electrical current in place of chemical redox agents improves the cost-efficiency of chemical processes and reduces byproduct generation. Therefore, electrochemistry represents an attractive approach to meet the prevailing trends in organic synthesis and has seen increasingly broad use in the synthetic community over the past several years.
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