Notes

2-Aminoimidazole Decreases Fouling as well as Enhances Membrane Efficiency.
In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, pneumoperitoneum results in tachycardia, hypertension, and increased myocardial oxygen demand. These changes are more pronounced in hypertensive patients. The intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine attenuates sympathoadrenal response and provides better hemodynamic stability intraoperatively.

To evaluate the hemodynamic stabilizing and sedation properties of two different doses of dexmedetomidine including 0.7 μg.kg
.h
and 0.5 μg.kg
.h
in hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind controlled trial.

A total of 60 controlled hypertensive patients of either sex, aged 30-60 years, and ASA class 2 without any other serious comorbid conditions who were undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 each. Group A and B received loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg
over 10 min and maintenance dose at 0.7 and 0.5 μg.kg
.h
, respectively. Group C received normal saline infusion only. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) and sedation score were compared at different time intervals among groups.

The Chi-square test, ANOVA, and Tukey
Test.

Fluctuations in the hemodynamics of hypertensive patients are effectively attenuated by dexmedetomidine and there is no difference in the attenuation of these hemodynamic changes by maintenance dose of 0.5 or 0.7 μg.kg
.h
. However, maintenance dose of 0.5 μg.kg
.h
causes lesser sedation.

Dexmedetomidine administered as infusion in a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg.kg
.h
serves as an ideal anesthetic adjuvant in hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Dexmedetomidine administered as infusion in a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg.kg-1.h-1 serves as an ideal anesthetic adjuvant in hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Although the conventional awake fiber-optic nasal intubation is most commonly used in anticipated difficult tracheal intubation, it has several potential difficulties.

The aim of this study is to compare another technique modified tube first (MTF) technique with the conventional one in terms of time taken, ease of glottis visualization, number of attempts needed, and complications.

This was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial conducted on 60 patients with an anticipated difficult airway undergoing oromaxillofacial surgery at a tertiary care center.

The patients were randomized into the MTF and conventional technique groups. selleck compound Times from insertion of the fiber-optic scope into nares till vocal cord visualization (T1) and from T1 to complete intubation (T2) were measured and compared.

Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.

Time taken to visualize glottis was significantly less in the MTF technique as compared to the conventional method (mean ± standard deviation = 108.6 ± 43.1 vs. 142 ± 49.2 s, respectively,
= 0.007). Similarly, the total time taken for nasotracheal intubation with modified technique is significantly less as compared to the conventional technique (
= 0.004). Furthermore, there is significantly better ease of glottis visualization (
= 0.001), higher success in minimal attempts (
= 0.02) with significantly lesser incidence of desaturation in MTF technique (
= 0.026).

The alternative technique (MTF) is a quicker, easier approach with higher success rate and lesser complications for the placement of an endotracheal tube in a difficult airway scenario.
The alternative technique (MTF) is a quicker, easier approach with higher success rate and lesser complications for the placement of an endotracheal tube in a difficult airway scenario.
Parturient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) is an established method of providing safe and effective labor analgesia.

The aim of this single-blind, randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of PCEA with or without basal infusion (BI) of ropivacaine and fentanyl for the effective management of labor pain associated with normal vaginal delivery.

A total of 78 nulliparous parturients with vertex presentation at term and with cervical dilatation of 3-5 cm demanding for epidural analgesia (EA) were enrolled in the study. EA was initiated and maintained with ropivacaine 0.125% and fentanyl 2 μg/mL. Following an initial epidural loading volume of 8-10 mL, parturients were randomly allocated in two groups of 39 each. PCEA group received bolus of 5 mL at 200 mL/h with lockout interval of 15 min and with maximum volume of local anaesthetic was 20 mL/h and PCEA + BI group - receiving added BI rate of 5 mL/h along with same programmed parameters of PCEA pump.

No statistically significant differey group.
To relieve anxiety and fear is a major concern for pediatric anesthesiologist, and intranasal dexmedetomidine seems to be better alternative to midazolam to provide sedation and allay anxiety in children.

We compare the sedative effects, anxiety level, successful child-parental separation, and hemodynamic parameters of either intranasal dexmedetomidine or midazolam as a premedication in children undergoing pediatric surgery.

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted on 60 patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classes I and II, undergoing pediatric surgical procedures with the use of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam as premedication.

Sixty children were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each dexmedetomidine group received intranasal dexmedetomidine (1 μg.kg
), and midazolam group received intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg.kg
), 30 min before induction. The sedation score, anxiety score, and successful child-parent separation were recorded till 30 min of drug administration, and then, the child was taken to the operating room (OR).

The Statistical Software, namely Statistical Package for the Social Science 17.0, was used for the analysis of the data. A
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Children premedicated with intranasal dexmedetomidine achieved significantly lower sedation score (
< 0.001), lower anxiety levels (
= 0.001), and easier child-parent separation (
= 0.003) than children who received intranasal midazolam.

Intranasal dexmedetomidine was associated with lower sedation levels, lower anxiety levels, and easier child-parent separation at the time of transferring patients to the OR than children who received intranasal midazolam.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine was associated with lower sedation levels, lower anxiety levels, and easier child-parent separation at the time of transferring patients to the OR than children who received intranasal midazolam.
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