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All-fiber few-mode visual coherence tomography by using a modally-specific photonic lantern.
As a consequence, there is a reduction in epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptide, but enhanced expression of lipid-binding proteins and transporters8. During food consumption, activation of VIPergic neurons thus enhances growth of epithelial-associated SFB and increases lipid absorption. Our results reveal a feeding- and circadian-regulated dynamic intestinal neuro-immune circuit that promotes a trade-off between IL-22-mediated innate immune protection and efficiency of nutrient absorption. Modulation of this pathway may hence be effective for enhancing resistance to enteropathogen2,3,9 and for treatment of metabolic diseases.BACKGROUND Screen-based media use is prevalent in children and is associated with health risks. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations involve access to screens, frequency, content, and co-viewing. The aim of this study was to test the ScreenQ, a composite measure of screen-based media use. METHODS ScreenQ is a 15-item parent report measure reflecting AAP recommendations. Range is 0-26, higher scores reflecting greater non-adherence. find more With no "gold standard" available, four validated measures of skills and parenting practices cited as influenced by overuse were applied as the external criteria, including expressive language, speed of processing, emergent literacy, and cognitive stimulation at home. Psychometric analyses involved Rasch methods and Spearman's ρ correlations. RESULTS Sixty-nine families were administered ScreenQ. Child age ranged from 36 to 63 months old (52 ± 8; 35 girls). Mean ScreenQ score was 9.6 (±5.0; 1-22). Psychometric properties were strong (rCo-α = 0.74). ScreenQ scores were negatively correlated with CTOPP-2 (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition) (rρ = -0.57), EVT-2 (Expressive Vocabulary Test, Second Edition) (rρ = -0.45), GRTR (Get Ready to Read!) (rρ = -0.30) and StimQ-P (rρ = -0.42) scores (all p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ScreenQ shows potential as a composite measure of screen-based media use in young children in the context of AAP recommendations. ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower executive, language and literacy skills, and less stimulating home cognitive environment.BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with earlier thelarche, whereas other predictors for it remain unclear. METHODS We studied child-related and parental predictors for earlier thelarche in 195 girls aged 6-8 years followed up for 2 years. A physician evaluated breast development by inspection and palpation. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, diet by food records, and physical activity and sedentary time by body movement and heart rate monitors. Parental education, smoking, and alcohol consumption and household income were assessed by questionnaires. Gestational age, birth weight, and maternal prepregnancy BMI were obtained from hospital registers. Predictors for thelarche were examined using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and follow-up time. RESULTS The incidence of thelarche during 2 years increased by 11% (OR 1.11, CI 1.06-1.17, p  less then  0.001) for 1 unit increase in baseline BF%. Girls with a smoking parent had a 2.64 (95% CI 1.21-5.77, p = 0.015) times higher incidence of thelarche than other girls. The associations of lower parental education and higher maternal prepregnancy BMI with the higher incidence of thelarche were largely explained by BF%. Other possible predictors were not associated with thelarche. CONCLUSIONS Higher BF% and exposure to tobacco smoke are independent predictors for earlier thelarche.BACKGROUND We examined how specific cognitive behavioral impairments impacted quality of life (QoL) within a large multicenter cohort of 7-10 year olds surviving extremely preterm (EPT) without major neurodevelopmental disability. METHODS Between 7 and 10 years of age, two generic, self-proxy, and parental evaluations were obtained. QoL measurement questionnaires (Kidscreen-10/VSPA (Vécu et Santé Perçue de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent)) were used and compared to a reference population. The general and specific cognitive functions, such as executive functions, behavior and anxiety, and clinical neurologic examination, were also assessed. RESULTS We analyzed 211 school-aged EPT children. The mean gestational age was 26.2 (±0.8) weeks, birth weight was 879 g (±181) and the mean age was 8.4 years (±0.87). Children with a Full-Scale Index Quotient ≥89, who were considered as normal, had a lower QoL. Specific cognitive impairments comprehensive language delay, visuo-spatial integration defect, and dysexecutive disorders) were the QoL correlates in the domains of school performance and body image. CONCLUSIONS School and health care professionals need to increase their focus on EPT children's lower so as to recognize the preterm behavioral/cognitive phenotype and their potential need for supportive measures. Research on preventive interventions is warranted to investigate if these long-term effects of an EPT birth can be attenuated in neonatal period and after.A 36-year-old highly myopic woman was referred for management of both cataract and glaucoma. Her ocular history included retinal detachment repair in each eye, 9 years earlier in the right eye and 7 years earlier in the left eye. Although the patient did not remember specific details of the retinal surgery, she recalled that she had a "gas bubble" postoperatively in the right eye, but not the left eye. She also had a very dense nuclear cataract in the right eye, but only mild nuclear sclerosis in the left eye.At presentation, the patient's corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/125 in the right eye, with a large myopic shift (-18.25 + 2.00 × 175). Her CDVA in the left eye was 20/20 (-11.00 + 1.00 × 20). It is notable that she is contact lens-intolerant.Her angle was wide open in each eye, and each optic nerve had severe myopic saucerization and cupping. The axial length was 28.5 mm and 28.7 mm in the right eye and left eye, respectively.The intraocular pressure (IOP) at presentation was 18 mm Hg in the right eye and 20 mm Hg in the left eye; each eye was treated with a topical β-blocker, α-2 agonist, and a prostaglandin.
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