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We aimed to explore the clinicopathological features and survival-related factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Eligible data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. Totally, 4595 ICC patients were collected with a male to female ratio of nearly 11. The higher proportion of ICC patients was elderly, tumor size ≥ 5 cm and advanced AJCC stage. Most patients (79.2%) have no surgery, while low proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy (15.1%). The median survival was 7.0 months (range 0-153 months). The 5-year CSS and OS rates were 8.96% and 7.90%. Multivariate analysis found that elderly age (aged ≥ 65 years old), male, diagnosis at 2008-2011, higher grade, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and advanced AJCC stage were independent factors for poorer prognosis; while API/AI (American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander) race, married, chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy were independent favorable factors in both CSS and OS. Furthermore, stratified analysis found that chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved CSS and OS in patients without surgery. Age, sex, race, years of diagnosis, married status, grade, tumor size, AJCC stage, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were significantly related to prognosis of ICC. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy could significantly improve survival in patients without surgery.Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is secreted from adipose tissue and acts as an adipokine, and an elevated circulating FABP4 level is associated with metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the causal link between circulating FABP4 level and mortality in a general population. We investigated the relationship between FABP4 concentration and mortality including cardiovascular death during a 12-year period in subjects of the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a population-based cohort (n = 721, male/female 302/419). FABP4 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in female subjects than in male subjects. All-cause death occurred in 123 (male/female 74/49) subjects, and 34 (male/female 20/14) and 42 (male/female 26/16) subjects died of cardiovascular events and cancer, respectively. When divided into 3 groups according to tertiles of FABP4 level at baseline by sex (T1-T3), Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that there were significant differences in rates of all-cause death and cardiovascular death, but not cancer death, among the groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analysis with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular death, but not that for all-cause death, significantly increased with a higher FABP4 level at baseline after adjustment of age and sex. The risk of cardiovascular death after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index and levels of brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the 3rd tertile (T3) group (HR 4.96, 95% confidence interval 1.20-22.3) was significantly higher than that in the 1st tertile (T1) group as the reference. In conclusion, elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population.Two different motion mechanisms have been identified with motion aftereffect (MAE). (1) A slow motion mechanism, accessed by a static MAE, is sensitive to high-spatial and low-temporal frequency; (2) a fast motion mechanism, accessed by a flicker MAE, is sensitive to low-spatial and high-temporal frequency. We examined their respective responses to global motion after adapting to a global motion pattern constructed of multiple compound Gabor patches arranged circularly. Each compound Gabor patch contained two gratings at different spatial frequencies (0.53 and 2.13 cpd) drifting in opposite directions. The participants reported the direction and duration of the MAE for a variety of global motion patterns. We discovered that static MAE durations depended on the global motion patterns, e.g., longer MAE duration to patches arranged to see rotation than to random motion (Exp 1), and increase with global motion strength (patch number in Exp 2). In contrast, flicker MAEs durations are similar across different patterns and adaptation strength. MEK inhibitor Further, the global integration occurred at the adaptation stage, rather than at the test stage (Exp 3). These results suggest that slow motion mechanism, assessed by static MAE, integrate motion signals over space while fast motion mechanisms do not, at least under the conditions used.The interpretation of thoracic radiographs is a challenging and error-prone task for veterinarians. Despite recent advancements in machine learning and computer vision, the development of computer-aided diagnostic systems for radiographs remains a challenging and unsolved problem, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine. In this study, a novel method, based on multi-label deep convolutional neural network (CNN), for the classification of thoracic radiographs in dogs was developed. All the thoracic radiographs of dogs performed between 2010 and 2020 in the institution were retrospectively collected. Radiographs were taken with two different radiograph acquisition systems and were divided into two data sets accordingly. One data set (Data Set 1) was used for training and testing and another data set (Data Set 2) was used to test the generalization ability of the CNNs. Radiographic findings used as non mutually exclusive labels to train the CNNs were unremarkable, cardiomegaly, alveolar pattern, bronchial pattern, interstitial pattern, mass, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and megaesophagus. Two different CNNs, based on ResNet-50 and DenseNet-121 architectures respectively, were developed and tested. The CNN based on ResNet-50 had an Area Under the Receive-Operator Curve (AUC) above 0.8 for all the included radiographic findings except for bronchial and interstitial patterns both on Data Set 1 and Data Set 2. The CNN based on DenseNet-121 had a lower overall performance. Statistically significant differences in the generalization ability between the two CNNs were evident, with the CNN based on ResNet-50 showing better performance for alveolar pattern, interstitial pattern, megaesophagus, and pneumothorax.
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