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Turn off inflammation throughout spleen cellular material with CD40-targeted PLGA nanoparticles that contain dimethyl fumarate.
Deliberate thinking and systematic thinking are often conflated when contrasted with intuitive thinking. We argue that, in fact, nonintuitive thinking is multidimensional, and that deliberate and systematic thinking are distinct nonintuitive processes. We establish their distinct meanings in 6 studies using 3 research paradigms. Our first paradigm (Studies 1 and 2) takes an individual differences approach. Adopting a meta-analytic design with the addition of new data, we find that deliberate thinking and systematic thinking are differentially associated with personality traits (openness to experience with deliberate thinking; conscientiousness with systematic thinking) and with personal values (self-direction vs. conformity with deliberate thinking; security vs. stimulation with systematic thinking). Our second paradigm (Studies 3 and 4) employs a decision-making task (choosing between different problem types and levels of difficulty) to test for deliberate and systematic thinking in isolation from each other. We show that systematic thinking (in oneself and others) predicts a selection of rule-based over context-based problems, while deliberate thinking predicts a selection of difficult over simple problems. Our third paradigm (Studies 5 and 6) takes a cultural perspective. We show that although deliberate thinking is universally perceived as signifying competence, the contribution of systematic thinking to perceptions of competence is culturally dependent, differing for participants under a collectivistic versus individualistic mindset. Together our findings highlight the need to distinguish between deliberate and systematic thinking and underscore the need for studies of intuitive versus nonintuitive thinking to take a multidimensional perspective. N-Acetylheparan Sulfate (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers yoga for multiple conditions. Little information is available regarding how frequently yoga is utilized, by whom, or for which medical conditions. Here we describe referral patterns and patient adoption rates in a clinical yoga program, including telehealth yoga, at VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS). Referral and demographic data were extracted from the electronic medical records of 953 veterans (692 male, 261 female) referred to the outpatient clinical yoga program between 2010 and 2016. Attendance data were extracted from the same time plus 1 year. Referee demographics were compared to the overall VAPAHCS population. Twenty-two of the 187 referring providers accounted for half (50.4%) of referrals, predominantly from primary care and mental health clinics. Compared to the overall VAPAHCS patient population, referees were similar age and more likely to be female. Attendance was associated with age (older veterans were more likely to attend) but not gender. Those referred for mental health reasons were more likely to attend yoga compared to those referred for physical symptoms or for wellness (e.g., strength, health, mindfulness). Telehealth yoga follow through was lower but attendance rate similar to in-person yoga. These data provide an overview of referral and uptake in a large VA setting. Overall, referral was performed by a few providers in mental health and primary care clinics. The typical demographic of attendee was a White male from the Vietnam War era, reflective of the VA population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches for reducing pain intensity (primary outcome) and depressive symptoms (secondary outcome) as well as improving physical functioning (secondary outcome) among U.S. military personnel living with chronic pain. Studies were retrieved from bibliographic databases, databases of funded research, and reference sections of relevant articles. Studies that (a) evaluated a CIH approach to promote chronic pain management among military personnel, (b) used a randomized controlled trial design, and (c) assessed pain intensity were included. Two coders extracted data from each study and calculated effect sizes. Discrepancies between coders were resolved through discussion. Comprehensive searches identified 12 studies (k = 15 interventions) that met inclusion criteria. CIH practices included cognitive-behavioral therapies (k = 5), positive psychology (k = 3), yoga (k = 2), acupuncture (k = 2), mindfulness-based interventions (k = 2), and biofeedback (k = 1). Across these studies, participants who received the intervention reported greater reductions in pain intensity (d+ = 0.44, 95% CI [0.21, 0.67], k = 15) compared to controls. Statistically significant improvements were also observed for physical functioning (d+ = 0.36, 95% CI [0.11, 0.61], k = 11) but not for depressive symptoms (d+ = 0.21, 95% CI [-0.15, 0.57], k = 8). CIH approaches reduced pain intensity and improved physical functioning. These approaches offer a nonpharmacological, nonsurgical intervention for chronic pain management for military personnel. Future studies should optimize interventions to improve depressive symptoms in military populations experiencing chronic pain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Prior evidence has suggested that cannabis use is associated with greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and worse outcomes following trauma-focused treatment. However, lack of high-quality randomized studies necessitates the use of clinical data to clarify the relationship between cannabis use and PTSD treatment to help inform clinical practice. A total of 114 veterans completed cognitive processing therapy in a residential PTSD treatment program. Differences in treatment response between cannabis users and nonusers were evaluated for measures of PTSD, depression, and posttraumatic growth using analysis of covariance to control for pretreatment scores and other drug use. At baseline, cannabis users reported higher levels of PTSD symptom severity relative to nonusers but reported similar levels of depression and posttraumatic growth. Significant differences between groups in the amount of change were not observed on any of the measures from before to after treatment; however, the total sample reported significant improvements in all measures of interest.
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