Notes

Kitty Bone Guide Information: Any Cadaveric Radiographic Rating in Lower Arm or Limbs.
To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with diabetes.

Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50y or older (46.4% male) and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40y or older (41.1% male) from all levels of geographic remoteness in Australia. Participants underwent a standardised questionnaire to ascertain diabetes history, and a clinical examination to identify eye disease. check details We determined the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error, visually significant cataract, cataract surgery, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, retinal vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane among those with and without self-reported diabetes.

Participants with self-reported diabetes had a higher prevalence of cataract surgery than those without diabetes (28.8%
16.9%, OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.35-2.34 among non-indigenous Australians, and 11.3%
5.2%, OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.22-2.14 among indigenous Australians). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) increased the odds of cataract surgery among self-reported diabetic indigenous and non-indigenous Australians (OR 1.89,
=0.004 and OR 2.33,
<0.001 respectively). Having diabetes for ≥20y and having vision-threatening DR increased the odds of cataract surgery among indigenous Australians with diabetes (OR 3.73,
=0.001 and 7.58,
<0.001, respectively).

Most non-retinopathy ocular conditions are not associated with self-reported diabetes. However, to account for Australia's worsening diabetes epidemic, interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.
Most non-retinopathy ocular conditions are not associated with self-reported diabetes. However, to account for Australia's worsening diabetes epidemic, interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.
To study the change of torsion in both eyes after unilateral inferior oblique (IO) weakening on children with congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP).

This retrospective study enrolled all patients diagnosed with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy (UCSOP) accompanied by inferior oblique overaction (IOOA). A total of 120 eyes of 60 patients were divided into group 1 (more extorted paretic eye) and group 2 (more extorted nonparetic eye). The degree of fundus torsion was evaluated before and 1mo after the IO weakening procedure. The torsion of the fundus was recorded by measuring the disk-foveal angle (DFA) using fundus photography.

Group 1 included 26 cases and group 2 included 34 cases, thus the rate of extorsion was insignificantly higher in the nonparetic eye (
=0.10). The preoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 13.21±5.95, 7.97±4.25 in group 1, and 4.65±3.79, 13.16±5.35 in group 2 (both
<0.001). The postoperative DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 8.57±4.87, 7.32±4.27 in group 1 (
=0.24), and 3.85±6.00 and 9.94±5.45 in group 2 (
<0.001). The amount of postoperative reduction of the DFA in the paretic and nonparetic eyes was 4.64±3.90, 0.65±0.76 in group 1 (
=0.002), and 0.80±0.81, 3.21±5.50 in group 2 (
=0.01). The difference in the amount of reduction of DFA in the more extorted eye in group 1 (paretic eye)
group 2 (nonparetic eye) was insignificant (
=0.30).

Excyclotorsion in the nonparetic eye has a similar probability in the paretic eye in UCSOP children, and weakening of the ipsilateral IO has a more obvious effect on the decrement of extorsion in the more extorted eye regardless of which eye is paretic.
Excyclotorsion in the nonparetic eye has a similar probability in the paretic eye in UCSOP children, and weakening of the ipsilateral IO has a more obvious effect on the decrement of extorsion in the more extorted eye regardless of which eye is paretic.
To analyze changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and default mode network (DMN) connectivity in the brain, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), in high myopia (HM) patients.

Eleven patients with HM (HM group) and 15 age- and sex-matched non-HM controls (non-HM group) were recruited. ALFFs were calculated and compared between HM group and non-HM group. Independent component analysis (ICA) was conducted to identify DMN, and comparisons between DMNs of two groups were performed. Region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis was performed to explore functional connectivity (FC) between DMN regions.

Significantly increased ALFFs in left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), bilateral rectus gyrus (REC), bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), and left angular gyrus (ANG) were detected in HM group compared with non-HM group (all
<0.01). HM group showed increased FC in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC)/precuneus (preCUN) and decreased FC in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFG) within DMN compared with non-HM group (all
<0.01). Compared with non-HM group, HM group showed higher FC between mPFG and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), ANG, and MTG (all
<0.01). In addition, HM patients showed higher FC between PCC/(preCUN) and the right cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left preCUN, superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus (ORB supmed; all
<0.01).

HM patients show different ALFFs and DMNs compared with non-HM subjects, which may imply the cognitive alterations related to HM.
HM patients show different ALFFs and DMNs compared with non-HM subjects, which may imply the cognitive alterations related to HM.
To provide a detailed description of the natural history of persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its association with visual outcome.

This was a prospective long-term follow-up for eyes undergoing scleral buckling (SB) surgery for macula-off RRD. Examinations were carried out preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12mo, until persistent SRF had completely resolved. One month postoperatively, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to classify SRF into three patterns bleb-like loculated (BL), shallow-diffused (SD), and multiple blebs (MB). Serial OCT imaging was used to evaluate morphological changes in SRF until its complete disappearance. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of persistent SRF.

A total of 59 patients (59 eyes) were included. There were no statistical differences between two groups at baseline, except for the proportion of patients with high myopia and a younger age.
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