Notes

Endemic Inflammation within Duchenne Buff Dystrophy: Connection to Muscles Operate and Dietary Reputation.
Maintenance of cardiorespiratory homeostasis depends on autonomic reflexes controlled by neuronal circuits of the brainstem. The neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of these reflex pathways are well understood, however, the mechanisms and functional significance of autonomic circuit modulation by glial cells remain largely unknown. In experiments conducted in male laboratory rats we show that astrocytes of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the brain area that receives and integrates sensory information from the heart and blood vessels, respond to incoming afferent inputs with [Ca2+]i elevations. Astroglial [Ca2+]i responses are triggered by transmitters released by vagal afferents, glutamate acting at AMPA receptors and 5-HT acting at 5-HT2A receptors. In conscious freely behaving animals blockade of Ca2+-dependent vesicular mechanisms in NTS astrocytes by virally driven expression of a dominant-negative SNARE protein (dnSNARE) increased baroreflex sensitivity by 70% (p less then 0.001). The effect of comprom-cause mortality. The data obtained in this study suggest that astrocytes are integral components of the brainstem mechanisms that process afferent information and modulate baroreflex sensitivity via the release of ATP. Any condition associated with higher levels of 'ambient' ATP in the NTS would be expected to decrease baroreflex gain by the mechanism described here. As ATP is the primary signalling molecule of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia) responding to metabolic stress and inflammatory stimuli, our study suggests a plausible mechanism of how the central component of baroreflex is affected in pathological conditions. Copyright © 2020 Mastitskaya et al.A prominent theory claims the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is especially associated with embodied processes relevant to perspective taking. In the present study we use high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to provide evidence that the rTPJ is causally associated with the embodied processes underpinning perspective taking. Eighty-eight young human adults were stratified to receive either rTPJ or dorsomedial prefrontal (dmPFC) anodal HD-tDCS in a sham-controlled, double-blind, repeated-measures design. Perspective tracking (line-of-sight) and perspective taking (embodied rotation) were assessed using a visuo-spatial perspective taking (VPT) task that required understanding what another person could see or how they see it, respectively. Embodied processing was manipulated by positioning the participant in a manner congruent or incongruent with the orientation of an avatar on the screen. As perspective taking, but not perspective tracking, is influenced by bodily position, thiin the embodied component of perspective taking. Specifically, HD-tDCS to the rTPJ, but not another hub of the social brain (dmPFC), increased the effect of body position during perspective taking, but not tracking. This is the first causal evidence that HD-tDCS can modulate social embodied processing in a site-specific and task-specific manner. Copyright © 2020 the authors.Substance use during adolescence is a robust predictor of substance use disorder in adulthood. This commentary argues for routine screening of substance use among adolescents in primary care settings. In addition, practical suggestions for follow-up, including brief interventions and referral to specialty treatment when indicated, are offered. ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.Racial and ethnic disparities in health care occur within broader contexts impacting the youth who present for behavioral health treatment. Clinician bias and clinical uncertainty can influence diagnostic and treatment outcomes. Behavioral health professionals should strive toward effectiveness in the delivery of culturally sensitive interventions to assist in health promotion with youth of color. ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.At present, data suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be more prevalent in North Carolina than other states, but whether we are properly identifying and treating cases, in childhood and adulthood, is murky. Much innovative work to this end is being done in North Carolina, but more is needed. ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.The technology landscape has rapidly evolved in recent years, with social media now playing a central role in the lives of youth. Social media has created both significant new challenges and exciting opportunities. Research is beginning to uncover how specific social media experiences may influence youth mental health. ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.Most school-age children who receive mental health services do so in their public schools, but the scope and quality of those services can vary. This article describes current school mental health efforts in North Carolina, as well as policy initiatives that could shape those practices in the coming years. CK-666 price ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.Though suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, it continues to be difficult to predict. Recent research has led to the development of the ideation-to-action framework, which provides a new conceptualization of suicide risk. The implications of this approach for assessment and intervention in medical settings are discussed. ©2020 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.In this issue of the North Carolina Medical Journal, youth mental health is the focus. The second half of the title of this issue brief, "creative innovations in challenging times," was designed to convey a sense of optimism and urgency for the readers. The optimism centers on the joys of birth, the wonderments of childhood and adolescence, and the discoveries and connections between families and cultures among and within North Carolina communities. The sense of urgency pertains to the current epidemiologic realities for youth between the ages of 10 and 21 and the growing economic and health care disparities impacting the vast majority of North Carolinians. The author lineup for the issue is nothing short of exceptional and includes contributions from experts in epidemiology, suicide prevention, policy and law, school mental health, telemedicine, the impact of technology and social media on youth, innovations in the dissemination of psychological science to the public, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, diagnostic disparities, substance misuse and abuse, K-12 education, and systems of care for families.
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