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Intranasal supply of mesenchymal come cells-derived extracellular vesicles to treat neural illnesses.
In 2016, the type-material of ten of the 15 Brazilian land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) described by Schirch (1929) was discovered deposited in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Schirch only described the external morphology of these species, all originally placed in the genus Geoplana. By the 1930s and 1950s Geoplana itatiayana, G. plana, and G. rezendei underwent taxonomic revision based on the study of non-type specimens. The remaining 12 species also underwent a taxonomic revision but only based on the literature. Current names of these species are Geoplana goettei, Pseudogeoplana arpi, Ps. blaseri, Ps. bonita, Ps. bresslaui, Ps. cardosi, Ps. doederleini, Ps. lumbricoides, Ps. obscura, Ps. riedeli, Ps. theresopolitana, and Ps. wetzeli. The species Geoplana maximiliani sensu Schirch (1929) was renamed as Ps. schirchi Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990. The present study reports a taxonomic revision of seven of Schirch's species using type material, namely Obama itatiayana, Pasipha plana, Pseudogeoplana arpi, Ps. bresslaui, Ps. doederleini, Ps. schirchi and Ps. wetzeli. Additional specimens of some of these species were also examined. Morphological data from histological preparations and from virtual sections were obtained through a non-destructive technique of X-ray computed microtomography (µCT). This approach resulted in the preservation of the entire body of at least one type-specimen of each species, and the holotype of Ps. bresslaui. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine chemical structure Conspecificity of O. itatiayana and P. plana was confirmed, as previously reported in the literature. It is also proposed that Ps. bresslaui belongs to the genus Paraba, while the other species should remain in Pseudogeoplana, since type-specimens are either immature, poorly preserved or simply lost. Marcos Santos Silva, Fernando Carbayo.Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), usually HPV types 6 and 11, which is characterized by recurrent papillomas of the respiratory tract, mainly the larynx. Patients usually present between the ages of 2 and 6 years. The initial presenting symptom is progressive dysphonia, followed by stridor and respiratory distress. Treatment consists of repeated microlaryngoscopic procedures to remove the papillomas as there is no cure. The poor availability and accessibility of appropriate healthcare services in developing countries are barriers to the early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP), requiring many patients to have a tracheostomy. The introduction of prophylactic vaccines that include HPV6 and HPV11 is necessary in order to reduce the incidence of JoRRP. © 2020 Seedat.Introduction Infantile spasms (IS) is a rare and devastating form of early childhood epilepsy. Two drugs are approved in the United States for treatment of IS, H.P. Acthar® Gel (repository corticotropin injection, RCI) and Sabril® (vigabatrin). Given real-world variation in treatment of patients with IS, this study characterized treatment patterns with IS medications and determined all-cause health care resource utilization (HCRU) during the 90 days before initiating therapy with RCI in patients with IS. Materials and methods Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases were used to identify commercially insured US patients 1 drug class before RCI initiation. Other AEDs were dispensed most often, either alone (31.3%) or with other drug classes (9.3%). Mean HCRU included 11.8 all-cause outpatient visits and 4.5 medications dispensed. Patients who received RCI or corticosteroids as their initial IS treatment had the lowest and second-lowest HCRU. Conclusion In the 90 days before initiating RCI, patients with IS received multiple diagnoses and treatments, characterized by frequent HCRU. Use of RCI first (no prior IS medications) and AEDs first were associated with the lowest and highest HCRU, respectively, across all categories (all-cause outpatient visits, emergency department visits, hospital admissions, prescription medications). © 2019 Gold et al.Purpose Opioid maintenance treatment reduces a person's use of heroin. However, frequent substance use in treatment is a problem. Aim To examine the association between opioid maintenance treatment and opioid/polydrug use, and whether social factors, adverse experiences, social resources, and quality of life are associated with opioid/polydrug use during the first 12 months in treatment. Patients and Methods Forty-seven participants from treatment units in Bergen, Norway participated in five waves of data collection. Every third month, a structured face-to-face interview collected self-reported data on sociodemographic characteristics, opioid/polydrug use, participants' social resources or adverse experiences, and quality of life. Data were collected as part of KVARUS, the National Quality Register for Substance Abuse Treatment. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of opioid/polydrug use and time in current treatment. The analysis included regressions of opioid/polydrug use on time-invariant baseline adverse experiences and social resources, and time-varying reports of quality of life. Results There was a significant negative association between time in treatment and use of opioids, b =-0.89, SE = 0.19, p = less then 0.01. Furthermore, a negative association of age at substance use on polydrug use was found, b =-0.40, SE =0.19, p = 0.03. A higher overall quality of life was significantly associated with lower odds of opioid use during opioid maintenance treatment, b = -0.62, SE = 0.23, p = less then 0.01. Social dimensions, participants' adverse experiences, and social resources were not associated with polydrug or opioid use. Conclusion Opioid maintenance treatment is associated with lowered opioid use, but to a lesser degree with polydrug use. Our findings add quality of life as an important factor that should be given particular attention because it can offer insight to aspects that can affect the patients' opioid use. © 2020 Carlsen et al.
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