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ay lay a physiological foundation for successful rTMS treatment for DOC patients by increasing cortical excitability.
Quantifying proprioception deficit in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) may be important in evaluating treatment effectiveness. This study investigated the concurrent and known-groups validity as well as test-retest reliability of a smartphone application in assessing joint position sense (JPS) in asymptomatic individuals and patients with knee OA.

Sixty-four knees, from 16 asymptomatic controls and 16 patients with bilateral OA, were assessed twice with a 1-week interval in between. The smartphone Goniometer Pro application and isokinetic dynamometer simultaneously quantified JPS, in terms of absolute repositioning error (RE) angle, during active and passive limb movements at selected angles.

Both devices showed moderate to almost perfect correlations in measuring JPS; whether active (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.87) or passive (ICC >0.97). The mean RE angle differences between the two devices were <0.77° (passive JPS) and <2.76° (active JPS). ML364 molecular weight Both devices were capable of did with caution.
The aim of this consensus process was to provide robust national guidelines to assist with decision making with regards to surgical management of patellofemoral instability.

A national group of surgeons, physiotherapists, basic scientists and a radiologist with expert experience in patellofemoral instability was convened. A formal consensus process was undertaken using validated methodology. They reviewed the existing literature, performed a group consensus meeting to develop recommendations and followed this with a wider consultation meeting with an open invitation for final ratification. The guidelines were reviewed and authorised by the BASK executive committee, followed by the British Orthopaedic Association prior to final publication.

The review of the literature confirmed a significant absence of an evidence base to guide clinicians in the surgical management of patellofemoral instability. The consensus process outlined guidance relating to diagnosis and clinical assessment, appropriate imaging modalities, recommendations for surgical options and appropriate post operative physiotherapy. Following wide invitation to contribute to the final document, 102 people responded. Twenty six of those provided additional comments which were blinded, discussed and included or excluded following further discussion amongst the working group.

Patellofemoral instability is a complex pathology with multiple surgical options available to those who decide surgery is indicated. In the absence of a strong evidence base, these guidelines aim to assist with that decision making process and will pave the way for more robust clinical trials in the future.
Patellofemoral instability is a complex pathology with multiple surgical options available to those who decide surgery is indicated. In the absence of a strong evidence base, these guidelines aim to assist with that decision making process and will pave the way for more robust clinical trials in the future.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a selected plane on the evaluation of tibial tunnel locations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between two planes the plane parallel to the tibial plateau (Plane A) and the plane perpendicular to the proximal tibial shaft axis (Plane B).

Thirty-four patients who underwent double-bundle ACLR were included. Three-dimensional model of tibia was created using computed tomography images 2weeks postoperatively, and tibial tunnels of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) were extracted. To evaluate tibial tunnel locations, two planes (Planes A and B) were created. The locations of the tibial tunnel apertures of each bundle were evaluated using a grid method and compared between Planes A and B. The difference in coronal alignment between Planes A and B were also assessed.

The AMB and PLB tunnel apertures in Plane A were significantly more laterally located than in Plane B (mean difference; AMB, 1.5%; ons after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
It is unknown whether intraoperative kinematics of bicruciate-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (BCS-TKA) are different for different activities. It has also not been established whether intraoperative high-flexion motions correlate with postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We aimed to clarify the intraoperative kinematics of BCS-TKA during high-flexion activities and describe the relationship between intraoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcomes.

We examined 33 knees from 31 patients who underwent BCS-TKA and measured intraoperative knee kinematics, passive knee flexion, and cross-legged flexion using a navigation system. We also calculated knee flexion, varus-valgus, and rotation angles. As a secondary evaluation, we divided the patients into two clusters based on the PROMs and compared the kinematics between them.

The valgus moved by 1.3±1.3° beyond 90° knee flexion during passive flexion. In contrast, during cross-legged flexion, the varus moved by 4.6±5.1° beyond 30° flexion. This indicated significantly increased varus alignment in the cross-legged flexion as compared with passive flexion. Beyond 60° of flexion, the femur displayed 8.8±4.8° of external rotation relative to the tibia. In cross-legged flexion, the femur displayed 9.2±6.5° of external rotation relative to the tibia beyond 45° of flexion. At 90° of flexion, the cross-legged knees rotated more externally. There were no significant postoperative differences between the high- and low-score clusters.

The intraoperative knee kinematics after BCS-TKA during high-flexion motions differed depending on the performance of an individual. This will be useful for physicians who might recommend BCS-TKA to new patients.
The intraoperative knee kinematics after BCS-TKA during high-flexion motions differed depending on the performance of an individual. This will be useful for physicians who might recommend BCS-TKA to new patients.
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