Notes

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide triggers interleukin-6 and c-c motif chemokine ligand A couple of expression inside cultured hCMEC/D3 mental faculties microvascular endothelial cells.
To evaluate glycated haemoglobin as a biomarker for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus while keeping the oral glucose tolerance test as the gold standard.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from Januray, 2016, to January, 2018, at PNS Hafeez Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan and comprised of pregnant subjects who were first subjected to 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test along with the first evaluation of glycated haemoglobin. Clinical evaluation, including history and measurements of anthropometric indices and blood pressure, were also done. On the basis of the results, the subjects were grouped as those having gestational diabetes mellitus (group A) and those without it (group B). Data was analysed using SPSS 15.

Of the 280 subjects, gestational diabetes mellitus was found in 50(17.85%). Differences in glycated haemoglobin between the groups was significant (p<0.002). Glycated haemoglobin test provided sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 84.78%.

With due adjustments, glycated haemoglobin testing can help in reducing the frequency of oral glucose tolerance test.
With due adjustments, glycated haemoglobin testing can help in reducing the frequency of oral glucose tolerance test.
To investigate the clinical characteristics of early recurrent intussusception after ultrasound-guided saline reduction, and to explore the factors leading to early recurrence.

The retrospective observational case-control study was conducted at Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong, China, and comprised data from January 2015 to December 2017 related to paediatric intussusception patients aged 0-12 years who underwent ultrasound-guided saline enema reduction. The patients were divided into two recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Clinical characteristics of the patients with early recurrence were analysed. Factors compared between the groups were gender, age, onset season, onset-to-treatment time interval, blood in stool, fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and vomiting, weight and pathology. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.

Of the 672 subjects, 86(13%) were patient with early recurrence while 586(87%) had no early recurrence and acted as controls. Among the patients, 70(81.4%) were aged 6-36 months. In 52(60.5%) patients, recurrence was once, and in 23(26.7%) twice. There were 141 episodes of intussusception; 24(17%) occurring in <12 hours, 85(60.2%) in 12-24 hours. Also, 5(6%) patients required surgery for reduction. Compared to the controls, the second quarter, heavier body weight and pathology were the factors leading to early recurrence of intussusceptions (p<0.05).

The second quarter, heavier body weight and pathological leading points were found to be factors leading to early recurrent intussusception.
The second quarter, heavier body weight and pathological leading points were found to be factors leading to early recurrent intussusception.
To examine aggression in married men and women in comparison to each other.

The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2017 in Jinnah, Lyallpur, Madina and Jaranwala towns of Faisalabad in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and comprised an equal number of married men and women. Data was collected using a demographic information form and the Aggression Questionnaire. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.

Of the 300 subjects, 150(50%) each were men and women. Among the men, 90(60%) and 110(73%) among the women were in the 31-40 years age bracket. The men showed significantly higher tendency towards physical aggression while verbal aggression was found more in women (p<0.05). The difference was non-significant with respect to anger and hostility (p>0.05).

Married men were found to be more involved in physical aggression than married women. Conversely, married women were found to be more involved in verbal aggression than married men. Anger and hostility were traits common in both genders.
Married men were found to be more involved in physical aggression than married women. Conversely, married women were found to be more involved in verbal aggression than married men. Anger and hostility were traits common in both genders.
To determine the frequency of cervical radiculopathy in cases of non-traumatic chronic neck pain.

The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 at the Department of Physiotherapy, Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University, Lahore and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-50 years with chronic neck pain lasting more than 6 months. Data was collected using a 14-point self-administered questionnaire. Spurling test was applied to find out the occurrence of radiculopathy in chronic neck pain and the intensity of pain was rated using visual analogue scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.

Of the 196 patients, 135(68.9%) were females and 61(31.1%) were males. The largest age group was 20-30 years with 75(38.3%) patients. Also, 46(23.5%) patients had no neck pain, 144(73.5%) had moderate pain and 6(3.1%) had unbearable pain. Radiculopathy was negative in 84(42.9%) patients and positive in 112(57.1%).

Cervical radiculopathy was found to be associated with chronic neck pain.
Cervical radiculopathy was found to be associated with chronic neck pain.
To evaluate blood lead levels and assess their correlation with academic performance in school children.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December, 2017, and comprised school children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Hajira, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected in potassium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes for lead levels, haemoglobin and plasma ferritin. The preceding three years' academic performance, rated as excellent, good, fair and poor, of the subjects was categorised on a specifically-designed proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.

Of the 400 subjects, 205 (50.25%) were females. The overall mean age was 9.15±2.8 years. Mean level of lead was 4.3±2.6 µg/dL, and difference in values was significant between children of Hajira and Rawalpindi (p<0.05). Monlunabant Mean haemoglobin was 12.9±0.919g/dL and mean ferritin was 49.17±16.0ng/ml. Of the total, 85(21.
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