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Use of green luminescent proteins to monitor Lactobacillus plantarum in the intestinal tract of goat's.
The cell motility, which was analyzed in terms of the speed of migration and mean squared displacement, decreased for the collagen bundle matrix. Additionally, the critical time taken for the peak turning angle to converge to 90° decreased, indicating that the migration direction was regulated by geometric cues provided by collagen bundles rather than by the intrinsic cell persistence. The experimental results imply that collagen bundles play an important role in determining the magnitude and direction in cancer cell migration. The proposed method of extracellular matrix modification can be applied to investigate various cellular behaviors in both physiological and pathological environments. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.The protrusion domain (P-domain; MrNVPd) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) exists in two conformations, parallel and X-shaped. We have performed a theoretical study to gain insight into the nature of the dimeric interactions involving the dimeric interfaces within parallel and X-shaped conformations of MrNVPd by applying the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The results reveal that the dimer-dimer interfaces of MrNVPd have hydrogen bonds of common types. Leu255-Lys287, Tyr257-Lys287, Lys287-Ser253, Met294-Cys328, Asp295-Lys327, Ser298-Ser324, Ile326-Asp295, and Cys328-Met294 are the key residue pairs of the dimer-dimer interfaces to maintain the dimer-dimer structures of MrNVPd through charge-charge, charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The strengths of these intermolecular dimer-dimer interactions in the parallel conformation are much greater than those in the X-shaped conformation. The parallel trimeric interface is held basically by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The electrostatic interactions accompanying a strong hydrogen bond of Oγ1-Hγ1···Oγ1 in the Thr276 A-Thr276 D pair maintain the intermolecular interface of two X-shaped MrNVPd dimers. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.Iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery applications due to their low toxicity, structural flexibility, and safe biodegradation in a physiological environment. Here, we studied two types of Fe-MOFs MIL-53 and MIL-88B, for in vitro drug loading and releasing of ibuprofen as a model drug. Both Fe-MOFs are based on the same iron clusters and organic ligands but form different crystal structures as a result of two different nucleation pathways. The MIL-53 structure demonstrates one-dimensional channels, while MIL-88B exhibits a three-dimensional cage structure. Our studies show that MIL-53 adsorbs more ibuprofen (37.0 wt %) compared to MIL-88B (19.5 wt %). A controlled drug release was observed in both materials with a slower elution pattern in the case of the ibuprofen-encapsulated MIL-88B. L-NMMA molecular weight This indicates that a complex cage structure of MIL-88 is beneficial to control the rate of drug release. A linear correlation was found between cumulative drug release and the degree of material degradation, suggesting the biodegradation of Fe-MILs as the main drug elution mechanism. The cytotoxicity of MIL-88B was evaluated in vitro with NIH-3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts, and it shows that MIL-88B has no adverse effects on cell viability up to 0.1 mg/mL. This low toxicity was attributed to the morphology of MIL-88B nanocrystals. The very low toxicity and controlled drug release behavior of Fe-MIL-88B suggest that better materials for drug-delivery applications can be created by controlling not only the composition but also the crystal structure and nanoparticle morphology of the material. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.A simple two-step approach has been employed to synthesize a cobalt-nickel-copper ternary metal oxide, involving electrochemical precipitation/deposition followed by calcination. The ternary metal hydroxide gets precipitated/deposited from a nitrate bath at the cathode in the catholyte chamber of a two-compartment diaphragm cell at room temperature having a pH ≈ 3. The microstructure of the ternary hydroxides was modified in situ by two different surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the bath aiming for enhanced storage performance in the electrochemical devices. The effect of the surfactant produces a transition from microspheres to nanosheets, and the effect of micelle concentration produces nanospheres at a higher ion concentration. The ternary hydroxides were calcined at 300 °C to obtain the desired ternary mixed oxide materials as the electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of the ternary metal oxide product. The scanning electron microscopy images associated with energy-dispersive analysis suggest the formation of a nanostructured porous composite. Ternary metal oxide in the absence and presence of a surfactant served as the cathode and activated carbon served as the anode for supercapacitor application. DTAB-added metal oxide showed 95.1% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles, achieving 188 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and thereafter stable until 5000 cycles, inferring that more transition metals in the oxide along with suitable surfactants at an appropriate micellar concentration may be better for redox reactions and achieving higher electrical conductivity and smaller charge transfer resistance. The role of various metal cations and surfactants as additives in the electrolytic bath has been discussed. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.To fully understand the chemical structure of graphene oxide and the oxidation chemistry of sp2 carbon sites, we conducted a practical experiment and density functional theory combined study on the oxidation process of graphite. The nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of unhydrolyzed oxidized graphite indicate that the oxidation process involves the intercalating oxidation, where electrically neutral species is the oxidizing agent, and the diffusive-oxidation, where MnO3 + is the oxidizing agent. An intrinsic formation and conversion path of oxygen-containing functional groups is proposed based on the experimental results and further interpreted with the aid of frontier molecular orbital theory and density functional theory. Meanwhile, the two unique features of the oxidation process of graphite, the chemistry stability of oxygen-containing functional groups in the strong oxidizing medium, and the self-regulation of the oxidation process are theoretically reasoned.
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