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Relative anatomic as well as morphometric examination of the particular interosseous muscles, sesamoid structures along with flexor tendons from the fetlock within South U . s . camelids.
We report an ultrasonic sensor system based on a low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) formed by two weak chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) on a coiled single-mode fiber. The sensor system has several desirable features for practical applications in detecting ultrasound on a solid surface. By controlling the birefringence of the fiber coil during the sensor fabrication, the sensor is made insensitive to the polarization variations of the laser source. The circular symmetric structure of the fiber coil also renders the omnidirectional response of the sensor to ultrasound. While the fiber coil is bonded directly to the structure, the CFBGs are suspended from the structure and free from large background strains with little reduction to the sensitivity of the sensor. The low-finesse FPI features a sinusoidal reflection spectrum. Like the conventional phase-generated carried technique, a phase modulator is utilized to implement quadrature demodulation. Therefore, the sensing system is adaptive to large background perturbations experienced by the fiber coil.An efficient scheme for performing coupled-mode simulations of nonlinear propagation in multimoded waveguides having circular symmetry is presented. In contrast to currently established modal-expansion methods the scheme displays a nearly linear scaling of numerical complexity with mode number and may enable simulations with hundreds of guided modes.In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, parallel inclined planes long period fiber grating (PIP-LPFG) for strain measurement is proposed. This structure is fabricated by a high frequency CO2 laser, which has polished periodic parallel inclined planes on a single mode fiber (SMF). Refractive index modulation (RIM) over a large area on the surface of the SMF significantly shortens the total length of the grating, and the structure of parallel inclined planes efficiently enhance the strain sensitivity of PIP-LPFG. Experimental results show that this LPFG with a miniature length of 3.9 mm has a good repeatability and stability of strain response, which can reach to 116 pm/µε in the dynamic range of 0-425 µε. Meanwhile, the temperature sensitivity of PIP-LPFG is 54.7 pm/°C in the dynamic range of 30-170°C.A novel, to the best of our knowledge, postprocessing technique is proposed to extract with a flexible and variable spatial resolution the information from Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers, obtained using a pulse longer than the acoustic settling time. The negative impact of the acoustic transient effect is suppressed, enabling a Brillouin response proportional to the spatial resolution and a Brillouin gain spectrum keeping its natural linewidth. PCI-34051 This leads to a better overall sensing performance, in particular for submetric spatial resolutions, with no compromises on sensing range and measurement time.We report the spectral distribution of the parametric process generated in a photonic crystal fiber pumped by a chirped pulse. The spectral correlation of four-wave mixing has been measured using the dispersive Fourier transform method. From statistical analysis of multiple shot-to-shot spectral measurements, the spectral correlation between the signal and idler photons reveals physical insights into the particular portion of the pump spectrum responsible for generating the four-wave mixing. Therefore, the shape of the correlation map indicates directly the temporal and spectral links between the signal and the pump, which are highly important to design a four-wave mixing based amplifier.We study the relationship between the input phase delays and the output mode orders when using a pixel-array structure fed by multiple single-mode waveguides for tunable orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam generation. As an emitter of a free-space OAM beam, the designed structure introduces a transformation function that shapes and coherently combines multiple (e.g., four) equal-amplitude inputs, with the kth input carrying a phase delay of (k-1)Δφ. The simulation results show that (1) the generated OAM order ℓ is dependent on the relative phase delay Δφ; (2) the transformation function can be tailored by engineering the structure to support different tunable ranges (e.g., l=-1,-1,+1,-1,0,+1, or -2,-1,+1,+2); and (3) multiple independent coaxial OAM beams can be generated by simultaneously feeding the structure with multiple independent beams, such that each beam has its own Δφ value for the four inputs. Moreover, there is a trade-off between the tunable range and the mode purity, bandwidth, and crosstalk, such that the increase of the tunable range leads to (a) decreased mode purity (from 91% to 75% for l=-1), (b) decreased 3 dB bandwidth of emission efficiency (from 285 nm for l=-1 to 122 nm for l=-2,-1,+1,+2), and (c) increased crosstalk within the C-band (from -23.7 to -13.2dB when the tunable range increases from 2 to 4).Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) promise advanced optoelectronic applications thanks to their visible or near-infrared and layer-dependent bandgaps. Even more exciting phenomena happen via stacking the TMDs to form the vertical heterostructures, such as the exotic interlayer excitons in atomically rearranged bilayer TMDs, as the result of the tunable interlayer hopping of two monolayers. So far, those literature studies focus on either two-dimensional (2D) TMDs or the layered bulky three-dimensional (3D) TMDs. The mixed-dimensional TMDs remain a fundamental yet not fully appreciated curiosity. In this Letter, we have theoretically and numerically investigated the exciton polaritons in such a hybrid system composed by the nanostructured layered (3D) and monolayer (2D) TMDs. The strong coupling has been observed of the lattice mode in high index patterned 3D TMDs and exciton from the direct bandgaps of the 2D TMDs, with the tunable Rabi splitting by geometrically shaping the 3D TMDs. We believe that our mixed-dimensional system with the novel stacks of 2D/3D van der Waals heterostructures may allow for controlling the exciton transport for advanced quantum, polaritonic, and optoelectronic devices.
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