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The feminine ATHLETE TRIAD-WHAT Every single PHYSICAL THERAPIST Should be aware of.
Background and objectives Vaginal laxity lacks standardized diagnosis and severity criteria. It is considered as a subjective complaint that reflects decreased sexual satisfaction due to vaginal loosening. Treatment modalities have included physiotherapy and plastic surgery. Recently, laser treatments have also gained popularity as a means of relieving gynecological complaints such as pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment in women for whom a decrease in sexual sensation during intercourse and vaginal loosening were their primary complaints. Study design/materials and methods For this prospective study, women with reported vaginal laxity and decreased sensation during intercourse were recruited from the Sexual Dysfunction Clinic in our health care campus. Each participant received three outpatient treatments with laser therapy, according to the same protocol. Treatment efficacy was assessed by changes in the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results Overall, 84 pre-menopause women, with a mean age of 47.7 years, were included in the study. Mean VHI and FSFI were increased significantly at 3 months post-treatment and decreased again at 6 months post-treatment 11.8 ± 1.6, 13.5 ± 1.1, and 11.8 ± 1.2, respectively, P = 0.013; and 21.3 ± 1.7, 29.9 ± 1.6, and 22.5 ± 1.8, respectively, P = 0.022. The rate of sexual intercourse doubled during the period of maximal treatment effect (P less then 0.0001). Conclusions CO2 laser treatment has both a statistically and clinically significant effect on participants' complaints and sex-life, which wanes by 6 months post-treatment. Laser therapy seems to be safe in the short term, with no serious adverse events reported in the current study. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term safety and the efficacy of maintenance laser treatments. Lasers Surg. selleck compound Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Conventional semen analysis is the standard of care to initially evaluate the fertility status of a male patient. However, it has some limitations and among these are failure to correctly identify the aetiology underlying fertility problems, intra- and inter-observer variability and incomplete information about sperm function. Considering these drawbacks, advanced semen tests have been developed to assess male infertility, including sperm function tests, oxidative stress (OS) and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) tests. This review illustrates the commonly utilised sperm function techniques, along with the assays used to assess SDF and OS and their diagnostic value.The eight biogenic amines (BA), which are histamine (HIS), tryptamine, putrescine, 2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine, were determined in Chub Mackerel under different storage conditions after being freshly caught. The storage time and temperature were varied and the guts either present or removed. This study describes a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following precolumn derivation with dansyl chloride method for the determination of BA in in Chub Mackerel samples. HIS represented the highest content of BA regardless of the storage temperature and time. During a 24-hr period, the content of HIS reached its highest level of 6,466.63 mg/kg at the storage temperature of 30 °C, whereas it only reached 28.73 mg/kg in 24 hr when the storage temperature was 0 °C, which is way below the standard acceptable threshold level (400 mg/kg). The storage times for the content of HIS to exceed the standard threshold level for HIS at different storage temperatures of 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C were 12, 5, 4 days, 48, 36, 15, and 14 hr, respectively. However, these times were significantly shortened when the viscera was removed from freshly-caught fish before storage. This study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost-effective method to extend the storage time of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost-effective method, which is gut-removal during storage, to extend the storage time of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel.Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long-term inflammatory follicular disease. In Western countries, the prevalence of HS has been estimated to be 0.1-4% in the general population. In Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost area of Japan, HS is more frequent than in other parts of Japan. The aim of this study is to elucidate the epidemiological features of HS patients in Okinawa, Japan, to determine the factors correlated with severity and to compare characteristics of HS patients in East Asia and Western countries. This study was a retrospective, single-center, case series study. Data of patients with HS diagnosed at the University of the Ryukyus Hospital from April 2010 to March 2019 were collected and compared with data of previous studies performed in Japan, Korea, France and the USA. There were 42 male and 16 female HS patients (age range, 15-76 years). The median modified Sartorius score was 49 (interquartile range, 87.3). A multivariate analysis indicated that disease duration was associated with the modified Sartorius score. The ratio of serum C-reactive protein to albumin was significantly correlated with disease severity (rs = 0.64, P less then 0.001). Overall, in East Asia, HS was more common in males, and very few patients had a family history of HS (1.7% vs 29.1%, P less then 0.001) compared with Western countries. This study revealed the characteristics of HS patients in Okinawa and elucidated the differences between the epidemiology of HS in Western countries and East Asia. In addition, we found out factors that correlated with disease severity such as disease duration and serum C-reactive protein to albumin ratio.
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