Notes

Cognizance and Use regarding Non-surgical Dental care Approach by General Dental practitioners: An Disregarded Partner.
kely to be high in patients with COVID-19.
Previous studies have illustrated the potential superiority of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) in maintaining patency after initial angioplasty for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction due to stenosis. Our trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of DCBs for preventing fistula restenosis in Chinese hemodialysis patients.

Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point, controlled trial.

A total of 161 hemodialysis patients with fistula dysfunction from 10 centers in China.

Participants were randomized 11 to treatment with initial dilation followed by DCB angioplasty or conventional high-pressure balloon (HPB) angioplasty.

The primary end point was target lesion primary patency defined as the target lesion intervention-free survival in conjunction with an ultrasonography-measured peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR)≤2.0 at 6 months. The secondary end points included 1) device, technical, clinical, and procedural success; 2) major adverse events; 3) degree of target lesion stenosis atze; short follow-up period; procedural differences between the 2 groups such as unequal inflation times and balloon lengths.

Compared to conventional HPB angioplasty, DCB treatment achieved superior primary patency defined using PSVR measured at 6 months and superior intervention-free survival of both the target lesion and the target shunt at 12 months without evidence of greater adverse events.

Funded by ZhuHai Cardionovum Medical Device Co., Ltd.

Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02962141.
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02962141.
To identify differences in socioeconomic factors (SES) and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers by race among Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) participants and determine whether differences in CVD markers persist after adjusting for SES.

Analysis of 3,103 visits with repeated measures from 628 children (497 White participants; 131 African American participants) enrolled in the CKiD study.

Children with mild-moderate CKD with at least 1 cardiovascular (CV) parameter (ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular mass index [LVMI], or lipid profile) measured.

African American race.

Ambulatory hypertension, LVMI, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Due to increased CV risks of glomerular disease, the analysis was stratified by CKD cause. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for SES (health insurance, household income, maternal education, food insecurity, abnormal birth history). Linear and logistic regression were used to evaluate association of race wi health were not captured, future research should examine effects of systemic racism on CV health in this population.
African American children with CKD are disproportionately affected by socioeconomic disadvantages compared with White children. The degree to which CV markers differ by race is influenced by disease etiology. African Americans with nonglomerular CKD have increased LVMI, more ambulatory hypertension, and favorable lipid profile, but attenuation in magnitude after adjustment for SES was observed. African Americans with glomerular CKD had increased LVMI, which persisted after SES adjustment. As many social determinants of health were not captured, future research should examine effects of systemic racism on CV health in this population.Renal cystic disease encompasses a large variety of illnesses with various phenotypic expressions that can manifest in utero, in infancy, and in childhood. These diseases may be unilateral or bilateral and present with single or multiple cysts. Various cystic diseases may also progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), including kidney failure, and hepatic disease, thus potentially being life threatening. The prevalence and serious complications of CKD in the pediatric population make it vital that health care providers detect these conditions early and provide effective management. This installment of AJKD's Core Curriculum in Nephrology discusses various genetic and sporadic kidney cystic diseases, including multicystic dysplastic kidney, nephronophthisis, cystic dysplasia, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β (HNF1-β) nephropathy, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Zellweger syndrome, calyceal diverticulum, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This article discusses the epidemiology, genetics and pathophysiology, diagnosis, presentation, and management for each of these renal cystic diseases, with particular attention to prenatal care and pregnancy counseling.In S. cerevisiae and many other micro-organisms an increase in metabolic efficiency (i.e. ATP yield on carbon) is accompanied by a decrease in growth rate. From a fundamental point of view, studying these yield-rate trade-offs provides insight in for example microbial evolution and cellular regulation. From a biotechnological point of view, increasing the ATP yield on carbon might increase the yield of anabolic products. We here aimed to select S. cerevisiae mutants with an increased biomass yield. Serial propagation of individual cells in water-in-oil emulsions previously enabled the selection of lactococci with increased biomass yields, and adapting this protocol for yeast allowed us to enrich an engineered Crabtree-negative S. cerevisiae strain with a high biomass yield on glucose. When we started the selection with an S. cerevisiae deletion collection, serial propagation in emulsion enriched hxk2Δ and reg1Δ strains with an increased biomass yield on glucose. Surprisingly, a tps1Δ strain was highly abundant in both emulsion- and suspension-propagated populations. In a separate experiment we propagated a chemically mutagenized S. cerevisiae population in emulsion, which resulted in mutants with a higher cell number yield on glucose, but no significantly changed biomass yield. Genome analyses indicate that genes involved in glucose repression and cell cycle processes play a role in the selected phenotypes. The repeated identification of mutations in genes involved in glucose-repression indicates that serial propagation in emulsion is a valuable tool to study metabolic efficiency in S. 2-Chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine cerevisiae.
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