Notes

Casirivimab/Imdevimab: First Approval.
The inbreeding coefficient calculated based on ROH showed an average value of 0.026 for the whole population. In addition, the inbreeding coefficient of each generation subpopulation initially increased and then decreased. In the pedigree of the whole conserved population, the error rate of paternal information was more than 11.35% while the maternal information was more than 2.13%.

This molecular study of the population genetic structure of Liangshan pig showed loss of genetic diversity during the closed cross-generation reproduction process. It is necessary to improve the mating plan or introduce new outside blood to ensure long-term preservation of Liangshan pig.
This molecular study of the population genetic structure of Liangshan pig showed loss of genetic diversity during the closed cross-generation reproduction process. It is necessary to improve the mating plan or introduce new outside blood to ensure long-term preservation of Liangshan pig.
The effect of garlic powder (GP) and phenyl acetic acid (PA) throughout the fattening period of broiler chickens on performance, blood parameters, immune and antioxidant parameters as well as carcass traits was evaluated.

A total of 210 day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into seven dietary treatments having five replications with six chicks per replicate. The first group (control) fed a basal diet without supplements, whereas the 2nd, 3rd and 4th group were fed basal diet plus 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g GP/ kg diet, respectively and the group 5th, 6th and 7th were fed on the basal diet plus 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g PA/kg diet.

Broiler body weight and gain at 21 and 42 days were increased (P<0.05) with diets supplemented with GP and PA. Red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) were improved in chickens fed diets enriched with GP. Broiler chickens received diets containing either GP or PA recorded the higher values (P<0.05) of total protein, globulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), IgM and IgG, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); while, blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were lowered (P<0.05) compared to control-diet. Liver and immune-related organs weight were improved (P<0.05) in broilers fed diet supplemented with GP and PA.

Feeding of GP or PA in diet had positive effects on performance traits and immunological, antioxidant and physiological status of broilers. Thus, the use of tested feed additives as eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics resulted effective for animal health.
Feeding of GP or PA in diet had positive effects on performance traits and immunological, antioxidant and physiological status of broilers. Thus, the use of tested feed additives as eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics resulted effective for animal health.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic behavior of a population of Holstein cattle in response to the variation of environmental temperature by analyzing the effects of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) through reaction norms for the somatic cell score (SCS).

Data was collected for 67,206 primiparous cows from the database of the Paraná Holstein Breeders Association in Brazil, with the aim of evaluating the temperature effect, considered as an environmental variable, distinguished under six gradients, with the variation range found being 17ºC to 19.5ºC, over the region. A reaction norm model was adopted utilizing the fourth order under the Legendre polynomials, using the mixed models of analysis by the REML method by the WOMBAT software. Additionally, the genetic behavior of the 15 most representative bulls was assessed, in response to the changes in the temperature gradient.

A mean score of 2.66 and a heritability variation from 0.17 to 0.23 was found in the regional temperature increase. The correlation between the environmental gradients proved to be higher than 0.80. find more Distinctive genetic behaviors were observed according to the increase in regional temperature, with an observed increase of up to 0.258 in the breeding values of some animals, as well as a reduction in the breeding of up to 0.793, with occasional reclassifications being observed as the temperature increase.

Non-relevant genotype by environment interaction for SCS were observed in Holstein cattle herds of southern Brazil. Thus, the inclusion of the temperature effect in the model of genetic evaluation of somatic cell score for the southern Brazilian Holstein breed is not required.
Non-relevant genotype by environment interaction for SCS were observed in Holstein cattle herds of southern Brazil. Thus, the inclusion of the temperature effect in the model of genetic evaluation of somatic cell score for the southern Brazilian Holstein breed is not required.
The objective of this study was to compare fenugreek (FG) with alfalfa (Alf) in ruminal fermentation and CH4 production in vitro.

Whole-plant FG harvested at 11-and 15-wk and Alf harvested at early and mid-bloom maturities, alone or as 5050 mixture of FG and Alf at the respective maturity, were assessed in a series of 48-h in vitro batch culture incubations. Total fermentation gas and methane gas production, dry matter (DM) disappearance, volatile fatty acids, microbial protein and 16S RNA gene copy numbers of total bacteria and methanogens were determined.

Compared to early bloom Alf, FG harvested at 11-wk exhibited higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance, but this difference was not observed between the mid-bloom Alf and 15-wk FG. Regardless plant maturity, in vitro ruminal fermentation of FG produced less (p<0.001) methane either on DM incubated or on DM disappeared basis than that of Alf during 48-h incubation. In vitro ruminal fermentation of FG yielded similar amount of total volatile fatty acids with higher (p<0.05) propionate percentage as compared to fermentation of Alf irrespective of plant maturity. Microbial protein synthesis was greater (p<0.001) with 11-wk FG than early bloom Alf as substrate and 16S RNA gene copies of total bacteria was higher (p<0.01) with 15-wk FG than mid-bloom Alf as substrate. Compared to mid-bloom Alf, 15-wk FG had lower (p<0.05~0.001) amount of 16S RNA methanogen gene copies in the whole culture during 48-h incubation.

In comparison to Alf, FG emerges as a high quality forage that can not only improve rumen fermentation in vitro, but can also remarkably mitigate methane emissions likely due to being rich in saponins.
In comparison to Alf, FG emerges as a high quality forage that can not only improve rumen fermentation in vitro, but can also remarkably mitigate methane emissions likely due to being rich in saponins.
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