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However, adolescents with mothers from Latin America and the Caribbean had lower odds of missed opportunities than adolescents with US-born mothers (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65). Adolescents with 1 or 2 non-US-born parents had lower odds of missed opportunities for HPV vaccination than adolescents with 2 US-born parents (1 parent aOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96; 2 parents aOR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94).

Future studies should evaluate outreach to groups with HPV vaccination disparities and identify other drivers of missed opportunities among adolescents with US-born parents, such as multiparity.
Future studies should evaluate outreach to groups with HPV vaccination disparities and identify other drivers of missed opportunities among adolescents with US-born parents, such as multiparity.Introduction The use of staples to perform intestinal anastomosis in children has gained popularity in the past years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent intestinal anastomosis with a 5-mm staple in a tertiary health care center. Material and Methods From April 2017 to November 2019, the records of all pediatric patients who underwent intestinal anastomosis with a 5-mm staple were retrospectively revised. The reconstruction technique was functional end-to-end anastomosis. Results A total of 12 intestinal anastomoses were evaluated. Mean age at surgery was 120 days. Small bowel anastomosis was the most frequently performed procedure (eight cases). Stapling difficulties were found in 3 patients. The anastomosis could not be performed with the 5-mm endostapler in one of these patients. The median follow-up was 26 months (interquartile range 20-40 months). Postoperative complications included one bowel obstruction that was surgically treated. Conclusions Mechanical suturing with 5-mm staple is a safe alternative technique to perform intestinal anastomosis in neonates and infants. The use of this staple has proven to be safe and feasible in pediatric patients. It is necessary to select patients carefully according to their bowel characteristics.Objectives Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients experience clinical manifestations rather than recurrent respiratory infections including autoimmunity, enteropathy, and lymphoproliferation. Lenalidomide research buy We evaluated the correlation of lymphocyte subpopulations with such manifestations.Methods Twenty-six genetically unsolved CVID patients were subdivided into four phenotypes infection only (IO), autoimmunity (AI), chronic enteropathy (CE), and lymphoproliferative disorders (LP) and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and TCD4+ proliferation by Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) test.Results We detected reduced memory B and increased total, effector memory (EM), cytotoxic, and activated TCD8+ in IO, AI and CE, decreased plasmablasts, total and naive TCD4+, Regulatory TCD4+ (Treg) and naive TCD8+ in IO and CE, elevated CD21low B and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) TCD8+ in IO and AI, increased helper T (Th2) and Th17 in IO, decreased Th1 in AI and defective total and naive B and central memory (CM) TCD4+ in CE. IO showed reduced TCD4+ proliferation response.Conclusions In genetically unsolved CVID patients, increased Th2 and Th17 and reduced Treg is associated with IO, increased CD21low B and TEMRA TCD8+ and reduced Th1 is contributed to AI and reduced total and naive B, CM TCD4+ and naive TCD8+ and expanded total TCD8+ is correlated with CE.Purpose There is no one standard procedure encompassing the needs and differences of the entire pediatric population for inguinal hernia repair (IHR). Several techniques can be used, including open repair, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair. This is a report of a single pediatric hospital's experience performing robotic-assisted IHRs in an adolescent population. Methods Robotic IHRs performed by the pediatric surgery department were prospectively captured and reviewed. The operation performed was a modified robotic transabdominal preperitoneal approach with ProGrip mesh. Results Between January 2016 and August 2020, 11 robotic-assisted IHRs occurred. All patients were male, median weight interquartile range (IQR) was 76.6 kg (67.425-90.4 kg) and median age (IQR) was 17 years (17-18.5). All together median (IQR) total operative time was 111 (97.5-126) minutes, median (IQR) total console time was 60 (55.5-75.5) minutes. There were no complications or conversions, with all patients discharged on the day of the operation. Conclusion This study demonstrates a safe and reliable approach to repairing inguinal hernias using robotics through a small initial case series. Robotic-assisted IHR should be considered a viable technique to optimize the surgical care of adolescents.Introduction Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex, multifactorial, and biologically heterogeneous disorder with debilitating outcomes. Understanding individual reasons why patients do not respond to treatment is necessary for improving clinical recommendations regarding medication regimens, augmentation strategies, and alternative treatments.Areas covered This manuscript reviews evidence-based treatment strategies for the clinical management of TRD. Current developments in the field and potential future recommendations for personalized treatment of TRD are also discussed.Expert opinion Treatment guidelines for TRD are limited by the heterogeneous nature of the disorder. Furthermore, current strategies reflect this heterogeneity by emphasizing disease characteristics as well as drug trial response or failure. Developing robust biomarkers that could one day be integrated into clinical practice has the potential to advance specific treatment targets and ultimately improve treatment and remission outcomes.Introduction Men with prostate cancer undergoing castration will eventually progress. In addition to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (like abiraterone and enzalutamide) or chemotherapy (like docetaxel), exists olaparib, a relatively new drug that interferes with the base excision repair (BER) pathway mainly due to selective inhibition of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2.Areas covered Herein, the authors evaluate the basic characteristics of olaparib, including its pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety profile. The authors also provide their expert opinion and future perspectives for the place of this drug in the current treatment armamentarium.Expert opinion Olaparib is the first drug to prove that genetic sequencing and precise medicine is a viable and important option for prostate cancer patients. In patients with deletions in preselected genes, its efficacy renders it as a viable option for second- or third-line management of metastatic castrate resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC).
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