Notes

Array of factors from the decrease in hyperhydricity connected with throughout vitro launches involving Salvia santolinifolia Bioss.
INC is a newer modality that decreases LOS, controls pain, and results in overall cost savings. We recommend that INC be included in the current practice for postoperative pain control in PE patients undergoing Nuss procedure.
INC is a newer modality that decreases LOS, controls pain, and results in overall cost savings. We recommend that INC be included in the current practice for postoperative pain control in PE patients undergoing Nuss procedure.
The association of internal auditory canal (IAC) fundal diverticula with otospongiosis (OS) and their clinical significance remain unclear. We explored whether isolated IAC diverticula were morphologically different from those with additional CT features of OS, and whether IAC diverticula morphology influenced patterns of hearing loss.

Consecutive temporal bone CT studies with (n= 978) and without (n= 306) features of OS were retrospectively assessed. Two independent observers evaluated the presence of IAC diverticula morphological features (depth, neckdepth ratio, definition of contour and angulation of shape), and these were correlated with the presence of fenestral and pericochlear OS. Audiometric profiles were analysed for the isolated IAC diverticula and those with fenestral OS alone. Continuous data was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and categorical data with chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests.

Ninety-five isolated IAC diverticula were demonstrated in 54/978 patients (5.5%) without CT evidence of OS (31M, 23F, mean age 46), and 119 IAC diverticula were demonstrated in 71/306 patients (23%) with CT evidence of OS (23M, 48F, mean age 55). Reduced neckdepth ratio, ill definition and angulation were all significantly associated with the presence of pericochlear OS (p < 0.001), whilst only ill definition was associated with the presence of fenestral OS alone (p < 0.05). No morphological feature was associated with conductive hearing loss in isolated diverticula or with sensorineural hearing loss in diverticula with fenestral OS alone.

IAC diverticula associated with pericochlear OS demonstrate different morphological features from isolated IAC diverticula. There are no clear audiometric implications of these morphological features.
IAC diverticula associated with pericochlear OS demonstrate different morphological features from isolated IAC diverticula. There are no clear audiometric implications of these morphological features.
To report the current clinical practice of French physicians for metachronous resectable liver metastasis (LM) occurring after a FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy for primary cancer.

Twenty four clinical situations were proposed to a panel of experts via 4 learned societies. Clinical situations varied according time of recurrence (early between 6 and 12month or > 12month), extension of LM (limited ≤ 2 or extended > 2 lesions), presence of a neuropathy or not, and of a RAS or BRAF mutation.

A total of 157 physicians participated in this study. A consensus was reached in 17 (71%) clinical situations. For an early limited recurrence, whatever presence of neuropathy, the preferred therapeutic approach (45%) was upfront surgery. For an early extended recurrence, whatever presence of neuropathy, there was a consensus (64%) for a preoperative chemotherapy by FOLFIRI + biologic agent. For a late recurrence without neuropathy, there was a consensus (50%) for a preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy, whatever the extension of LM. For a late recurrence with neuropathy, upfront surgery was chosen (52%) for limited LM, and preoperative chemotherapy by FOLFIRI + biologic agent (73%) for extended LM. Clofarabine No response was influenced by the RAS mutation status. There was a strong consensus for intensified preoperative chemotherapy in all clinical situations for BRAF-mutated LM.

This national survey provides an overview of the practice patterns in the treatment of LM occurring after adjuvant FOLFOX for primary. It could be a basis to establish expert's recommendations for the clinical practice.
This national survey provides an overview of the practice patterns in the treatment of LM occurring after adjuvant FOLFOX for primary. It could be a basis to establish expert's recommendations for the clinical practice.
Two subgroups of fecal incontinence (FI) are described in literature and used in clinical practice. However, the pertinence of this classification of FI is still unknown as there are no clear established guidelines. To a better understanding, we performed a systematic review to characterize the different types of FI (active, passive, or mixed) on the basis of clinical presentation and complementary explorations.

This systematic literature review was performed in reference to recommendations for systematic review using PRISMA guidelines without date restriction, until May 2020. This systematic review was performed without temporal limitation using MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases.

Six hundred nine unique citations were identified from all the databases combined. Of those, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 8 retrospective observational studies and 13 prospective observational studies. There was a lack of homogeneity in definitions of passive and urge (active) FI among studies. Prevalence of passive and urge FI was respectively of 4.0-5.0 and 15.0-35.0%. Clinical characteristics, physical examination, and endoanal imaging were not evaluated in most studies. In anorectal manometry, maximal squeeze pressure was higher in passive FI subgroup in most studies and results regarding maximal resting pressure remain discordant. There seemed to be no difference regarding first sensation volume and maximal tolerable volume among subgroups. A few studies evaluated pudendal terminal nerve motor latency with no difference among subgroups.

There is a lack of well-conducted prospective studies comparing the different subtypes of FI with validated definitions in both clinical and paraclinical examinations.
There is a lack of well-conducted prospective studies comparing the different subtypes of FI with validated definitions in both clinical and paraclinical examinations.
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