Notes

Sump syndrome of the remnant typical bile air duct following a living contributor liver organ transplant.
Additionally, OCTA in PAMM may demonstrate reperfusion of the affected vessels.
PAMM in pregnancy may be secondary to an underlying hypercoaguable condition. We recommend systemic evaluation and referral to a high-risk pregnancy specialist if PAMM is diagnosed during pregnancy. Additionally, OCTA in PAMM may demonstrate reperfusion of the affected vessels.
To report a unique case of the branch retinal artery occlusion in 6 years old child due to hamartoma. Method- A 6 year old male child presented with chief complaints of foreign body sensation in left eye without any significant antecedent history of local or systemic cause. BCVA in the left eye was 20/20. Fundus biomicroscopy revealed altered fundal reflex in superotemporal quadrant and gliotic tissue (Hamartoma) at the first bifurcation of the superior branch of retinal artery. Phakomatosis were ruled out with Paediatrician consultation. Results- All related blood investigations were normal. OCT showed focal thinning and OCT angiography showed capillary non perfusion in corresponding quadrant of the retina. Fluoroscopy under general anaesthesia confirmed the diagnosis. We came to the diagnosis of branch retinal artery occlusion may be due to local compression by the hamartoma.

Three factors controls the occurrence of the vascular occlusion according to Virchow's i.e. hypercoagulability, hemodynamic changes and endothelial injury/dysfunction. In our patient external compression causing hemodynamic changes and subsequent endothelial injury / dysfunction, which promotes thrombosis appears to be the cause of the branch retinal artery occlusion. Patient was advised scheduled periodic follow up.
Three factors controls the occurrence of the vascular occlusion according to Virchow's i.e. hypercoagulability, hemodynamic changes and endothelial injury/dysfunction. In our patient external compression causing hemodynamic changes and subsequent endothelial injury / dysfunction, which promotes thrombosis appears to be the cause of the branch retinal artery occlusion. Patient was advised scheduled periodic follow up.
To report a case of full-thickness macular hole related retinal detachment (MHRD) in a patient with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB).

A 3-years-old boy presented for squint assessment. In the examination, there were typical features of ARB in the left eye and a MHRD in his right eye. Color fundus photography, Autofluorescence, Fundus Fluorescence Angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recorded.

OCT of the right eye showed a full-thickness macular hole retinal detachment. The retina showed retinoschisis affecting the inner and outer nuclear layer at the fovea and parafoveal region. Also, hyperreflective dots were seen at the hole and on the inner retinal surface. While the left eye showed subretinal fluid with stalactite-like extensions into the subretinal space, and hyperreflective material seen above the RPE. Fundus autofluorescence showed hyperautofluorescence at the fovea of the right eye and punctate hyperautofluorescent spots in the mid-periphery of the left eye. After pars plana vitrectomy and temporal ILM flap, the hole was closed and all the schitic cavities collapsed at the sixth-week follow-up visit.

A full-thickness macular hole related retinal detachment can develop in ARB in the pediatric age group. Pars plana vitrectomy with temporal ILM flap may be helpful for successful surgical repair.
A full-thickness macular hole related retinal detachment can develop in ARB in the pediatric age group. Pars plana vitrectomy with temporal ILM flap may be helpful for successful surgical repair.
To describe a case of choroidal nevus with intralesional cavitations detected with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and to show its changes during an 8-year follow up.

Case report RESULTS A 55-year-old male patient was found to have a pigmented lesion at the posterior pole of his right eye, just temporal to the fovea. A complete multi-imaging examination was obtained and showed a lesion of about 4 mm of diameter with a small amount of subretinal fluid and chronic changes in the retina overlying the lesion. Based on clinical examination a diagnosis of choroidal nevus was made, but interestingly the EDI-OCT revealed the presence of intralesional cavitations. Close follow-up with no intervention was planned and over 8 years of observation the lesion remained stable in size, with a gradual increase of the central necrosis.

Benign pigmented choroidal lesions can show internal cavitations likely secondary to internal necrosis. This feature does not represent a sign of malignancy of the lesion. EDI-OCT is a feasible imaging tool for the visualization of the internal cavitations and to follow their evolution over time.
Benign pigmented choroidal lesions can show internal cavitations likely secondary to internal necrosis. This feature does not represent a sign of malignancy of the lesion. EDI-OCT is a feasible imaging tool for the visualization of the internal cavitations and to follow their evolution over time.
Three cases of dislocation of a Gore-Tex scleral-sutured EnVista intraocular lens are reported. The tensile strength of the lens eyelets under two suturing methods are assessed. Pursuant surgical considerations are discussed.

A chart review was performed to identify cases of scleral-sutured Envista lens dislocations. In addition, six EnVista lenses were suspended in a balanced salt solution tank, tied either with suture over haptic or simple pass techniques. Eyelet tensile strength was calculated by gradual addition of weights. Eyelet fracture position and width were measured. click here The tensile strength of one additional EnVista lens was assessed in open air.

In a retrospective, consecutive case series, 3 dislocated lenses were identified out of 17 surgeries from one institution. Two dislocations occurred postoperatively, and one occurred intraoperatively.

The EnVista eyelet demonstrated greater tensile strength tied with the simple pass method (0.27 ± 0.017 N, n=3) than with the suture over haptic method (0.
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