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Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD), the country's most important food basket, is constantly threatened by drought-infused salinity intrusion (SI). The SI disaster of 2020 is recognized as the worst in recent decades, hence inspiring this perspective article. The authors' viewpoints on the disaster's impacts and causes are presented. The arguments presented are mainly drawn from (i) up-to-date publications that report on the recent SI intensification in the VMD and (ii) the power spectral analysis results using water level data. We verified the intensifying SI in the VMD both in its frequency and magnitude and remarked on four of the key SI drivers (i) upstream hydropower dams, (ii) land subsidence, (iii) the relative sea-level rise, and (iv) riverbed sand mining. Also, a non-exhaustive yet list of recommendable management implications to mitigate the negative effects of the SI is contributed. The mitigation measures must be realized at multiple scales, ranging from pursuing transboundary water diplomacy efforts to managing internal pressures via developing early warnings, restricting illegal sand mining activities, alleviating pressures on groundwater resources, and diversifying agriculture.
If interplanetary travel is to be successful over the coming decades, it is essential that countermeasures to minimize deterioration of the musculoskeletal system are as effective as possible, given the increased duration of spaceflight associated with such missions. The aim of this review, therefore, is to determine the magnitude of deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system during prolonged spaceflight and recommend possible methods to enhance the existing countermeasures.
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid and Scopus databases. 5541 studies were identified prior to the removal of duplicates and the application of the following inclusion criteria (1) group means and standard deviations for pre- and post-spaceflight for measures of strength, muscle mass or bone density were reported (or provided by the corresponding author when requested via e-mail), (2) exercise-based countermeasures were included, (3) the population of the studies were human, (4) muscle function was assessed and (5)ng practices result in more effective countermeasures to the deleterious effect of long-duration spaceflight on the muscular system.
Current exercise countermeasures result in small reductions in BMD during long-duration spaceflight. In contrast, such exercise protocols do not alleviate the reductions in muscle function or muscle size, which may be attributable to the low to moderate loads reported by crewmembers and the interference effect associated with concurrent training. It is recommended that higher-load resistance exercise and the use of high-intensity interval training should be investigated, to determine if such modifications to the reported training practices result in more effective countermeasures to the deleterious effect of long-duration spaceflight on the muscular system.
Antiplatelet drugs have been used in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and for the prevention of recurrent events. Unfortunately, many patients remain resistant to the available antiplatelet treatment. FXR agonist Therefore, there is a clinical need to synthesize novel antiplatelet agents, which would be associated with different pathways of platelet aggregation, to develop an alternative or additional treatment for resistant patients. Recent studies have revealed that 5-HT
receptor antagonists could constitute alternative antiplatelet therapy.
Based on the structures of the conventional 5-HT
receptor ligands, two series of compounds with 4-phenylcyclohexane-5-spiro- or 5-methyl-5-phenyl-hydantoin core linked to various arylpiperazine moieties were synthesized and their affinity for 5-HT
receptor was assessed. Further, we evaluated their antagonistic potency at 5-HT
receptors using isolated rat aorta and cells expressing human 5-HT
receptors. Finally, we studied their anti-aggregation effect and comevelopment of novel antiplatelet agents with an alternative mechanism of action.
Patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) are at high risk of venous thromboembolism related to a hypercoagulability due to procoagulant imbalance. However, whether these alterations are reversible after disease remission is still unclear. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) measured with and without the addition of thrombomodulin provides a global representation of coagulation and previous data confirmed hypercoagulable profile in patients with active hypercortisolism. Aim of this study was to assess the short- and long-term modification of ETP in patients with CS after disease remission.
Nineteen patients with CS for whom surgical remission was achieved, were prospectively evaluated for clinical characteristics, cortisol secretion profile and ETP at different time points (i) before surgical intervention; (ii) after 6months and (iii) 5years from the time of persistent remission. Nineteen healthy subjects matched for age and gender were also evaluated as control group.
Before surgery, patients showed hi remission of disease. These data, as part of a whole evaluation of thrombotic risk, can contribute to make appropriate therapeutic choice in these patients.
This ecological study examined the relationship between neoliberal capitalist ideology (hereafter, neoliberal ideology) and non-communicable diseases (NCD) mortality in 124 countries, focusing on the degree to which climate culpability and physical inactivity are implicated in explaining that relationship.
The economic freedom of the world index of the Fraser Institute (representing neoliberal ideology), CO
emissions (metric tons/capita) from the World Bank (representing climate culpability), and the World Health Organization's age-adjusted physical inactivity and NCD mortality data were used. Covariates included gross domestic product (GDP)/capita, the country-level prevalence of obesity (n = 123), tobacco smoking (n = 111), and alcohol consumption (n = 61).
Neoliberal ideology was associated with NCD mortality after controlling for GDP/capita, physical inactivity, and obesity, and this association was most pronounced in less culpable countries. The association between neoliberal ideology and NCD mortality remained statistically significant even after further controlling for tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.
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