Notes

Urban outcomes upon saprophagous macroarthropods are mainly influenced by environment: A worldwide meta-analysis.
Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. We aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence.

In a sample of 12 368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations of length/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5 years of life with cognitive ability at 6.5 and 16 years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random-effects models-the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy from post infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5 years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16 years.

Higher length/height between birth and 6.5 years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16 years 2.7 points [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1, 3.2] and 2.5 points [95% CI 1.9, 3.0], respectively, per standard deviation [SD] increase. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height-growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [-2.4 (95% CI -3.0, -1.8) at age 6.5; -2.2 (95% CI -2.7, -1.6) at 16 years]. find more Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories.

Among term infants, the overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early-school age and adolescence.
Among term infants, the overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early-school age and adolescence.
The regulation system for oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the possible involvement of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which plays a key role in DNA repair and redox balance, in the pathogenesis of SSc.

Thirty patients with SSc and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Expression of ATM and phosphorylated ATM (pATM), an activated form of ATM, in phagocytes in whole blood samples was analysed by FACS. Correlations between expression levels of ATM/pATM and clinical parameters of SSc patients were statistically analysed. Peripheral monocytes were cultured with an ATM-specific inhibitor (KU55933), and reactive oxygen species production in the cells was measured.

Expression level of pATM in peripheral monocytes and neutrophils from SSc patients was significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively), while no significant difference in total ATM expression was observed between SSc and healthy controls. In addition, pATM expression in monocytes of SSc patients with interstitial lung disease or digital pitting scar was remarkably lower than in the patients without these clinical features (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03), respectively. Moreover, pATM expression in monocytes positively correlated with forced vital capacity and negatively correlated with the serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 level. Notably, KU55933, an ATM-specific inhibitor, enhanced reactive oxygen species production by monocytes under oxidative stress.

Our data revealed that decreased ATM activation in monocytes was associated with SSc-interstitial lung disease and that impaired ATM activation in monocytes may contribute to the disease process of SSc via uncontrolled reactive oxygen species production.
Our data revealed that decreased ATM activation in monocytes was associated with SSc-interstitial lung disease and that impaired ATM activation in monocytes may contribute to the disease process of SSc via uncontrolled reactive oxygen species production.
Accurate assessment of iron and vitamin A status is needed to inform public health decisions, but most population-level iron and vitamin A biomarkers are independently influenced by inflammation.

We aimed to assess the reproducibility of the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) regression approach to adjust iron [ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)] and vitamin A [retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinol] biomarkers for inflammation (α-1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein).

We conducted a sensitivity analysis comparing unadjusted and adjusted estimates of iron and vitamin A deficiency using the internal-survey regression approach from BRINDA phase 1 (16 surveys in children, 10 surveys in women) and 13 additional surveys for children and women (BRINDA phase 2).

The relations between inflammation and iron or vitamin A biomarkers were statistically significant except for vitamin A biomarkers in women. Heterogeneity of the regression coefficientsd regression correction can be considered.
Our findings are consistent with previous BRINDA conclusions that not accounting for inflammation may result in an underestimation of iron deficiency and overestimation of vitamin A deficiency. Research is needed to understand the etiology of the heterogeneity in the regression coefficients before a meta-analyzed regression correction can be considered.
Rising prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWOB) alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies suggests many women face concomitant OWOB and undernutrition.

We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, defined as intraindividual OWOB and either ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [micronutrient deficiency index (MDI)>0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-anemia); 2) test whether the components of the DBM were independent; and 3) identify factors associated with DBM-MDI and DBM-anemia.

With data from 17 national surveys spanning low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (n=419 to n=9029), we tested independence of over- and undernutrition using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of the DBM and its components using logistic regression for each survey.

Median DBM-MDI was 21.9% (range 1.6%-39.2%); median DBM-anemia was 8.
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