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Protective as well as Restorative Effects of an IL-15:IL-15Rα-Secreting Cell-Based Most cancers Vaccine Using a Baculovirus System.
Proximal MNBI was significantly lower in patients with both laryngopharyngeal and esophageal symptoms (17 cm above low esophageal sphincter [LES] L vs L + E vs E vs H = 3689.7 vs 2500.0 vs 3073.0 vs 3996.0; 15 cm above LES L vs L + E vs E vs H = 3155.9 vs 2553.4 vs 3198.9 vs 2985.2; P less then 0.001). Patients responded to proton pump inhibitor treatment also had lower proximal MNBI than those who did not (17 cm above LES 1834.0 vs 3500.0; 15 cm above LES 1946.5 vs 3432.6; P less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Decreased proximal MNBI can not only identify LPR patients but also predict patients' symptom outcomes. © 2020 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.INTRODUCTION The UK Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) Thy terminology is an internationally recognised system for reporting thyroid fine-needle aspiration. The terminology has been used throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland, in some parts of Italy and Switzerland, and elsewhere in the world. There is no systematic review of the literature which specifically addresses the use of the non-diagnostic for cytological diagnosis-Thy1/Thy 1c category in the UK RCPath terminology. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of online databases was conducted in October 2019 specifically examining overall reported rates of Thy1 and Thy1c in aspirates classified according to the UK Thy terminology. RESULTS 25 articles were identified showing a Thy1 rate of 13.4% (2540/18920). The studies were then stratified according to whether or not the patients underwent rapid on-site assessment (ROSE). 6.0% (353/5841; range 3.0-10.9%) of ROSE aspirates were Thy1 whereas 18.5% (2072/11204; range 7.9-43.3%) of non-ROSE patients were Thy1; (p less then 0.05). Three studies from 2016 reported Thy1c rates of 5.4%, 6.5% and 10.6% respectively, implying Thy1 rates excluding Thy1c aspirates of 20.9%, 8.7% and 12.7% respectively. CONCLUSION This systematic review of the literature shows relatively high rates of aspirates non-diagnostic for cytological diagnosis-Thy1 in the peer-reviewed published literature using the UK terminology. Utilisation of ROSE appears to produce lower rates of Thy1 aspirates and ROSE should be considered if rates of non-diagnostic for cytological diagnosis-Thy1/Thy 1c are high. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Dermatophytosis is a disease of global significance caused by pathogenic keratinolytic fungi called dermatophytes in both animals and humans. The recent taxonomy of dermatophytes classifies them into six pathogenic genera, namely Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Nannizzia, Lophophyton and Arthroderma. It is because of the delayed diagnostic nature and low accuracy of dermatophyte detection by conventional methods that paved the path for the evolution of molecular diagnostic techniques, which provide the accurate and rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis for an appropriate, timely antifungal therapy that prevents the nonspecific over-the-counter self-medication. This review focuses on the importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis of dermatophytosis, limitations of conventional methods, selection of targets in diagnosis, and factors affecting sensitivity and specificity of various molecular diagnostic technologies in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Generally, all the molecular techniques have a significant edge over the conventional methods of culture and microscopy in the dermatophytosis diagnosis. see more However, in mycology laboratory, the suitability of any molecular diagnostic technique in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis is driven by the requirement of time, economy, complexity, the range of species spectrum detected and the scale of diagnostic output required. Thus, various choices involved in the pursuit of a diagnosis of dermatophytosis are determined by the available conditions and the facilities in the laboratory. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a group of immunobullous diseases involving the mucosa and skin. Potential sequelae include painful mucosal erosions, vision loss and laryngeal stenosis. AIMS To characterise the features of patients with MMP seen within an Oral Medicine setting including clinical features, immunofluorescence results and response to treatment. METHODS A retrospective case note analysis was undertaken. Treatment effect was divided into response and non-response using pre-determined adjective terms. RESULTS 42 cases of MMP were identified (18 male, 24 female), mean age 65 years. Oral involvement was most frequent on the gingivae (n=38; 90.5%). The most common extra-oral sites involved were ocular (n=13; 31.0%) and skin (n=12; 28.6%). Features of MMP were found in 21 of 34 cases (61.8%) of routine biopsies, 31 of 34 (91.2%) direct immunofluorescence and 8 of 25 (32.0%) for indirect immunofluorescence investigations. Topical corticosteroids provided effective symptom control in 9 (21.4%) cases. Systemic therapy was used in 31 patients (73.8%). Dapsone was prescribed in 25, of which 18 (72.0%) responded. Mycophenolate mofetil was used in 13 cases and had a response rate of 46.2%. Overall, 27 of 42 patients (64.3%) achieved a response using a tolerable topical or systemic treatment modality. CONCLUSIONS This series demonstrates that MMP has a female dominance and is a disease of older age, with a predilection for specific oral sites. Direct immunofluorescence has a high sensitivity in detecting features of MMP. Whilst some patients achieve adequate symptom control with topical corticosteroids, many require systemic therapy. © 2020 British Association of Dermatologists.BACKGROUND Excessive gag reflex could be problematic for adequate dental care. Although various factors may increase the susceptibility to gagging, its contributing factors have not been fully determined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether gag reflex was associated with tactile sensitivity and psychological characteristics. METHODS 15 volunteers of healthy males and females each were recruited for this study. After completing a questionnaire describing the self-perceived gag reflex activity, a disposable saliva ejector was inserted along the palate into the mouth until gagging was evoked. The ratio of the insertion depth to the palatal length was used as an index for the gagging threshold. The two-point discrimination (TPD) and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) tests were performed to assess the tactile sensitivity of the palatal regions (hard palate, anterior and posterior soft palate). The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was used to investigate the relationship between the gagging threshold and the psychological status.
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