Notes

Bacillus subtilis Y16 and biogas slurry superior potassium to be able to sea percentage and also structure associated with sunflower (Helianthus annuus M.) in order to reduce sodium stress.
Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) has been performed to reduce locoregional failure (LRF) following radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer; however, its efficacy has not been well established. We analyzed the locoregional recurrence patterns of post-radical cystectomy to identify patients who could benefit from adjuvant RT and determine the optimal target volume.

We retrospectively reviewed 160 patients with stage ≥ pT3 bladder cancer who were treated with radical cystectomy between January 2006 and December 2015. The impact of pathologic findings, including the stage, lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, margin status, nodal involvement, and the number of nodes removed on failure patterns, was assessed.

Median follow-up period was 27.7 months. LRF was observed in 55 patients (34.3%), 12 of whom presented with synchronous local and regional failures as the first failure. The most common failure pattern was distant metastasis (40%). Among LRFs, the most common recurrence site was the cystectomy bed (15.6%). Patients with positive resection margins had a significantly higher recurrence rate compared to those without (28% vs. 10%,
=0.004). The pelvic nodal recurrence rate was < 5% in pN0 patients; the rate of recurrence in the external and common iliac nodes was 12.5% in pN+ patients. The rate of recurrence in the common iliac nodes was significantly higher in pN2-3 patients than in pN0-1 patients (15.2% vs. 4.4%,
=0.04).

Pelvic RT could be beneficial especially for those with positive resection margins or nodal involvement after radical cystectomy. Radiation fields should be optimized based on the patient-specific risk factors.
Pelvic RT could be beneficial especially for those with positive resection margins or nodal involvement after radical cystectomy. Radiation fields should be optimized based on the patient-specific risk factors.
To assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of rituximab in pediatric patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).

PePRS (Pediatric Polyangiitis Rituximab Study) was a Phase IIa, international, open-label, single-arm study. During the initial 6-month remission induction phase, patients received 4 weekly intravenous rituximab infusions (MabThera/Rituxan
), 375 mg/m
body surface area (BSA), and glucocorticoids. During the follow-up period, patients could receive further treatment, including rituximab, for GPA/MPA. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and exploratory efficacy outcomes were evaluated.

Eleven centers enrolled 25 new-onset or relapsing patients (GPA, 19 [76%]; MPA, 6 [24%]). The median (range) age was 14 (6-17) years. All patients completed the remission induction phase. During the overall study period (≤ 4.5 years), patients received between 4 and 28 infusions of rituximab. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse event, mo or MPA.
Payments from the pharmaceutical industry to practicing physicians may influence prescribing behavior. The objective of this study was to investigate the nature, quantity, and geographical distribution of payments to US rheumatologists.

General payments from industry sponsors to US rheumatologists from 2014-2019 were extracted from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments database. Gender was identified by linking physicians to the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES) registry. Data were reported in aggregate, trends over time were assessed using linear regression models, and differences by gender were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Over the six-year time period from 2014-2019, a total of $221,254,966 from 1,610,668 payments were made to 5,723 rheumatologists. The median payment was $15 (interquartile range (IQR) $10 - $22) and the median amount of payments received by individual rheumatologists was $2,818 (IQR $464 to $11,560). The majority of rheumatologists (3,416/5,723, 59%) received under $5,000, but 368/5,723 (6%) received over $100,000 each and accounted for 78% of the total. The yearly value of payments increased over time ($3,703,264 per year, p < 0.001) and the median payment to male rheumatologists was significantly higher than the median payment to female rheumatologists ($3,732, IQR $542-$15,841 vs. $2,084, IQR $394-$8,186, p < 0.001).

The value of industry payments have increased over time and are concentrated among a small number of rheumatologists. Future studies should investigate the degree to which industry payments have influenced prescribing in the field of rheumatology.
The value of industry payments have increased over time and are concentrated among a small number of rheumatologists. Future studies should investigate the degree to which industry payments have influenced prescribing in the field of rheumatology.
High-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BRT) has been enjoying rapid acceptance as a treatment modality offered to selected prostate cancer patients devoid of risk group, employed either in monotherapy setting or combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and is currently one of the most active clinical research areas.

This review encompasses all the current evidence to support the use of HDR BRT in various clinical scenario and shines light to the HDR BRT rationale, as an ultimately conformal dose delivery method enabling safe dose escalation to the prostate.

Valid long-term data, both in regard to the oncologic outcomes and toxicity profile, support the current clinical indication spectrum of HDR BRT. At the same time, this serves as solid, rigid ground for emerging therapeutic applications, allowing the technique to remain in the spotlight alongside stereotactic radiosurgery.
Valid long-term data, both in regard to the oncologic outcomes and toxicity profile, support the current clinical indication spectrum of HDR BRT. Smad signaling At the same time, this serves as solid, rigid ground for emerging therapeutic applications, allowing the technique to remain in the spotlight alongside stereotactic radiosurgery.In the current issue of Arthritis & Rheumatology, Putman et al report findings regarding the distribution and temporal trends of industry payments to US rheumatologists [cite ar-21-0182]. Their findings are in line with similar reports from other medical and surgical specialties, and highlight the overarching concern regarding the ability of industry payments to adversely affect care quality within the specific context of rheumatology practice.
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