Notes

Metabolite Biomarkers regarding Reply (BoRs): Towards a finger print for the progression of stage 4 colon cancer.
Drought stress considered as a major environmental constraint that frequently limits crop production globally. In the current investigation, drought stress-induced alterations in growth, ion homeostasis, photosynthetic pigments, organic osmolytes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidative components, and metabolic profile were examined in order to assess the role of silicon (Si) in mitigation of drought effects and to understand the drought adaptive mechanism in two contrasting peanut genotypes (GG7 fast growing and tall, TG26 slow growing and semi-dwarf). Si application significantly improved the leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content % (RWC %), growth and biomass in GG7 compared with TG26 genotype under water stress. Si supplementation considerably promotes the uptake and transport of mineral nutrients under drought condition in both the genotypes, which eventually promote plant growth. Exogenous application of Si protects the photosynthetic pigments from oxidative damage by reducingdlings suggesting its involvement in signaling pathways for drought adaptation and tolerance. Noteworthy increment in polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, coumarin, naringenin, and kaempferol) in the Si treated seedlings of GG7 genotype as compared to TG26 under drought stress suggests an efficient mechanism of ROS sequestration in GG7 genotype. Our findings provide comprehensive information on physiological, biochemical, and metabolic dynamics associated with Si-mediated water stress tolerance in peanut. This study indicates that the drought tolerance efficacy of peanut genotypes can be improved by Si application.Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element present on the lithosphere and a quasi-essential element for plants' cellular and developmental processes. Eflornithine Si is associated with augmented germination, growth, photosynthesis, gas exchange, photosystem efficiency, and yield attributes in unstressed and stressed plants. The exogenous application of Si facilitates morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. It triggers the content of compatible osmolyte and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which decreases reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Uptake and transport of Si in plants are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the potent roles of Si in plants are emphasized. The cross-talk of Si with phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is also presented. Moreover, attempts have been made to cover the contribution of Si mediated enhancement in 'omics' (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic) approach that is useful in diminishing stress. This review aims to provide Si integration with phytohormone and utilization of 'omic approaches' to understand the role of Si in plants. This review also underlines the need for future research to evaluate the role of Si during abiotic stress in plants and the identification of gaps in understanding this process as a whole at a broader level.Human capital investments have a vital role in economic growth. Therefore the effects of human capital on the environment should be analyzed for sustainable economic growth. This paper contributes to the debate on the nexus between human capital and environmental degradation. Based on 21 EU countries' panel data over the period 1994-2018, this study aims to analyze the relationship between human capital and environmental pollution in different financial development levels. We employed the panel smooth transition regression model (PSTR) to assess the nexus between the variables. According to the estimation results, human capital decreases carbon emissions in the low growth regime whereas increases in the high growth regime. Besides, human capital increases carbon emissions in both low regimes of financial development and human capital, and decreases in high regimes. The analysis indicated that as human capital improves, there will be more innovation to protect the environment, and thus there is less environmental degradation.Bioretention structures such as planter boxes, swales and rain gardens are being increasingly utilized in built landscapes as a strategy to attenuate both stormwater flows and contaminant loads. Copper (Cu) roofing materials contribute significantly higher mass loads of dissolved Cu per unit area than other surfaces such as parking lots and roadways. While a recent study demonstrated that conventional bioretention media can remove greater than 90% of Cu from copper roof runoff, the median Cu concentrations at the point of discharge from bioretention structures (66 μg L-1) still did not achieve Cu concentrations in stormwater discharges sought in some jurisdictions (for example, less then 14 μg L-1). Consequently, commercially available soil amendments were assessed to improve bioretention Cu removal. The ability of biochar, greensand, and zeolite to improve Cu removal was evaluated in laboratory column studies. Additionally, the performance of zeolite as an underlayer amendment was evaluated in bioretention planter boxes treating stormwater from a picnic shelter with a partitioned copper roof. Cu was measured in the planter box influent and effluent. The field setup included 2 control planter boxes containing only standard bioretention media and 2 amended with the zeolite underlayer. Samples from ten storms were collected with flow-weighted composite sampling. Total Cu in composite samples of the influent waters ranged from 445 to 1683 μg L-1 and had a median concentration of 934 μg L-1. Total Cu in the effluent from the control planter boxes ranged from 10 to 64 μg L-1, with a mean of 29 μg L-1. Total Cu in effluent from the zeolite amended planter boxes ranged from 4 to 44 μg L-1 with a mean of 18 μg L-1. Attenuation in the control planter boxes ranged from 90 to 99% with a median of 93.4% by concentration and ranged from 95 to 99% with a median of 97.5% in the zeolite amended planter boxes.Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas that should not be overlooked, and its emissions from plain reservoirs as well as small- and medium-sized reservoirs have been extensively studied; however, N2O emission patterns from high-dam reservoirs in longitudinal range-gorge regions remain unclear. In this study, the N2O concentration and emission flux from the high-dam Xiaowan Reservoir were investigated using static headspace gas chromatography and a boundary layer approach in the Lancang River. The factors influencing N2O production and emissions, especially the influence of damming, were explored. Our results demonstrated that the Xiaowan Reservoir, a source of N2O emissions, had an N2O emission flux of 15.48 ± 2.87 μmol m2·d-1 in 2019; the N2O concentration and emission flux exhibited an increasing trend along the flow direction within the Xiaowan Reservoir but decreased downstream of the dam. During the two water seasons, water temperature, the concentration of DO, NO3- and NH4+are all influencing factors of the N2O concentration in the XWR.
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