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Body-loop connected MRI radiofrequency-induced heating hazards: Findings, characterizations, and recommendations.
Researchers have shifted their focus to treatment technologies for specific wastewater type, such as textile wastewater, pulp and paper wastewater, and pharmaceutical wastewater. The S-curve from articles indicates that physical and chemical treatment technologies are attached with great potential in the near future, especially adsorption and advanced oxidation, while the biological treatment technologies are approaching to the saturation stage. Different pattern is observed for the S-curve derived from patents, which stressed the limited achievement until now and further exploration in the field application for the three treatment categories. Our analysis provides information of technology development landscape and future opportunities, which is useful for decision makers and researchers who are interested in this area.Crossmodal mappings associate features (such as spatial location) between audition and vision, thereby aiding sensory binding and perceptual accuracy. Previously, it has been unclear whether patients with artificial vision will develop crossmodal mappings despite the low spatial and temporal resolution of their visual perception (particularly in light of the remodeling of the retina and visual cortex that takes place during decades of vision loss). To address this question, we studied crossmodal mappings psychophysically in Retinitis Pigmentosa patients with partial visual restoration by means of Argus II retinal prostheses, which incorporate an electrode array implanted on the retinal surface that stimulates still-viable ganglion cells with a video stream from a head-mounted camera. We found that Argus II patients (N = 10) exhibit significant crossmodal mappings between auditory location and visual location, and between auditory pitch and visual elevation, equivalent to those of age-matched sighted controls (N = 10). Furthermore, Argus II patients (N = 6) were able to use crossmodal mappings to locate a visual target more quickly with auditory cueing than without. Overall, restored artificial vision was shown to interact with audition via crossmodal mappings, which implies that the reorganization during blindness and the limitations of artificial vision did not prevent the relearning of crossmodal mappings. In particular, cueing based on crossmodal mappings was shown to improve visual search with a retinal prosthesis. This result represents a key first step toward leveraging crossmodal interactions for improved patient visual functionality.In recent years, the Antarctic territory has seen a rise in the number of tourists and scientists. This has led to an increase in the anthropogenic footprint in Antarctic ecosystems, namely in terms of emerging contaminants, such as Biocides, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) as well as Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs). Yet scarce information on the presence of these emerging contaminants is available for trophic compartments, especially the phytoplankton community. Using high resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), an untargeted screening of the metabolome of the phytoplankton community was performed. Seventy different contaminant compounds were found to be present in phytoplankton collected at two sites in Port Foster Bay at Deception Island. These emerging contaminants included 1 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), 10 biocides (acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and nematicides), 11 POPs (flame retardants, paints and dyes, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), phthalates and plastic components), 5 PCPs (cosmetic, detergents and dietary compounds), 40 pharmaceutical compounds and 3 illicit drugs. Pharmaceutical compounds were, by far, the largest group of emerging contaminants found in phytoplankton cells (anticonvulsants, antihypertensives and beta-blockers, antibiotics, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs). The detection of several of these potentially toxic compounds at the basis of the marine food web has potentially severe impacts for the whole ecosystem trophic structure. Additionally, the present findings also point out that the guidelines proposed by the Antarctic Treaty and Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty should be revisited to avoid the proliferation of these and other PPCPs in such sensitive environments.Coagulation has been widely applied as a pretreatment for ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in wastewater reclamation, however, it is unable to effectively ensure the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and genotoxicity. To solve this problem, oxidant ferrate (VI) (FeVIO42-, FeVI) was combined with coagulant poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) as the pretreatment of UF to treat secondary effluent, and three oxidant dosing strategies (namely oxidation followed by coagulation (O-FeVI-PAC), simultaneous oxidation and coagulation (S-FeVI-PAC), and coagulation followed by oxidation (C-PAC-FeVI)) were compared at two oxidant doses. The results showed that C-PAC-FeVI pretreatment exhibited the best performance for the removal of DOC (35.9%), UV254 (33.7%), protein (71.8%), and polysaccharide (22.1%). click here Molecular weight and fluorescence analysis revealed that the removed organics were mainly humic substances. Both the direct UF process and PAC pretreatment showed limited removal of OMPs and genotoxicity, however, the combined pretreatments of FeVI and PAC dramatically removed them. The maximum removal efficiency of the fourteen selected OMPs and genotoxicity was obtained under S-FeVI-PAC (59.6% on average) and C-PAC-FeVI (84.1%), respectively. With respect to membrane fouling control, the normalized flux reduction showed an apparent regularity of C-PAC-FeVI > O-FeVI-PAC > S-FeVI-PAC, however, FeVI dose should be carefully determined. The addition of FeVI delayed the transition of membrane fouling mechanism from pore blockage to cake filtration, especially in C-PAC-FeVI pretreatment, which was confirmed by the fluorescence characterization of hydraulic reversible and hydraulic irreversible foulants. To sum up, C-PAC-FeVI dosing strategy seems to have more potential in membrane fouling alleviation and effluent quality improvement.
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