Notes

Ache, marijuana use, as well as both mental and physical wellness signs amid experienced persons and nonveterans: comes from the country's Epidemiologic Survey about Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.
The design and manipulation of magnetism in low-dimensional systems are desirable for the development of spin electronic devices. Here, we design two kinds of Co-adsorbed monolayer WS2frameworks, i.e. Co1/WS2and Co2/WS2,and comprehensively explore the dependences of their magnetic properties on injected charge by using first-principles calculations. The value of magnetic moment can be tuned almost linearly through injecting charge due to the modulated interaction and charge transferring between Co atom and monolayer WS2. A transition from ferromagnetism to non-ferromagnetism occurs in Co1/WS2system when 1 e/unit cell charge is injected. Furthermore, the magnetic anisotropy can be manipulated by injecting charge as well. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in Co1/WS2system sharply increases from -4.16 to 2.47 (0.99) meV when injected charge vary from 0.0 to 0.2 (-0.2) e/unit cell, meaning a transition of the magnetic easy axis from in-plane to out-of-plane direction. Similarly, in Co2/WS2system, the magnetic easy axis also can be modified to out-of-plane direction through injecting 0.1 e/unit cell charge. It is found that the changes of Co-3d states are responsible for the tunable magnetic anisotropy. This work provides a theoretical understanding on effective manipulation of magnetism in low-dimensional system. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this study, hydrophilic pullulan, which is favorable for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, was selected as a modifier for the preparation of P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan nanofibers via electrospinning to improve the biocompatibility of P(3HB-co-4HB) and increase the drug loading of composite fibers. Alkyl polyglycoside was used as the emulsifying agent to promote emulsification and stabilize the P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan composite solution. Drug-loading property of the nanofiber with a shell-core structure is increased because gelatin was not formed into fibers via electrospinning, thereby forming a stable drug-containing gelatin solution in the core layer. Finally, P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan-gelatin shell-core nanofibers were prepared. The intermolecular interaction, morphology, crystallization properties, mechanical properties, morphology, sustained release, and biocompatibility of composite nanofibers were characterized. Results show that the crystallization property of P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan composite nanofibers increases continuously with an increase in the pullulan content. As the pullulan content increases, the strain and stress of P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan nanofiber increase initially and decrease later. At the mass ratio of P(3HB-co-4HB) to pullulan of 102, P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan composite nanofibers exhibit a uniform morphology with an average diameter of 590 nm and porosity of 70.71%. At this mass ratio, the P(3HB-co-4HB)/pullulan-gelatin/drug shell-core structure, which sustained a release effect for more than 180 h, has potential applications as biomaterials without cytotoxicity. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging technique visualizing the concentration distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles used as tracer material. selleck inhibitor MPI is not yet in clinical routine, since one of the challenges is the upscaling of scanners. Typically, the magnetic fields of MPI scanners are generated electromagnetically, resulting into an immense power consumption, but providing high flexibility in terms of adjusting the field strengths and very fast image acquisition rates. Permanent magnets provide high flux densities and do not need any power supply. However, the flux density is not adjustable and a mechanical movement is slow compared to electromagnetically varying fields. The here proposed MPI scanner concept uses permanent magnets, and provides high flexibility with the possibility to choose between fast overview scanning and detailed image acquisition. By mechanical rotation of magnetic rings in Halbach array configuration it is possible to adjust the field strength or gradient strengths, respectively. The latter allows for determining the spatial resolution and the size of the field of view. A continuous mechanical rotation defines the coarseness of the scanning trajectory and the image acquisition rate. This concept provides a comparable flexibility, as an alternating magnetic field and an adjustable field gradient can be applied as known from electromagnetically driven MPI systems and therefore yields high potential for an enlarged system. We present the idea of an arrangement of Halbach arrays and how to calculate the generated magnetic fields. Simulations for an exemplary geometry are provided to show the potential of the proposed setup. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.We propose a novel BIRADS-SSDL network that integrates clinically-approved breast lesion characteristics (BIRADS features) into a task-oriented Semi-Supervised Deep Learning (SSDL) for accurate diagnosis on ultrasound (US) images with a small training dataset. Breast US images are converted to BIRADS-oriented Feature Maps (BFMs) using a distance-transformation coupled with a Gaussian filter. Then, the converted BFMs are used as the input of an SSDL network, which performs unsupervised Stacked Convolutional Auto-Encoder (SCAE) image reconstruction guided by lesion classification. This integrated multi-task learning allows SCAE to extract image features with the constraints from the lesion classification task, while the lesion classification is achieved by utilizing the SCAE encoder features with a convolutional network. We trained BIRADS-SSDL network with an alternative learning strategy by balancing reconstruction error and classification label prediction error. We compared the performance of the BIRADS-SSDL s boundary. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, BIRADS-SSDL could be promising for effective breast US lesion CAD using small datasets. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.We study the effect of quenched disorder in square artificial spin ice by means of numerical simulations. We introduce disorder in the length of magnetic islands using two kinds of distributions Gaussian and uniform. As the system behavior depends on its geometrical parameters, we focus on studying it in the proximity of the ice regime which is quite difficult to thermalize both in experiments and simulations. We show how length disorder affect the antiferromagnetic and (locally) ferromagnetic ordering, by inducing the system, in the case of weak disorder, to intermediate or mix states. Moreover, in the case of strong disorder, ferromagnetic plaquettes prevail regardless of whether the mean length of the islands corresponds to an antiferromagnetic ordering. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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