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Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common phenotype of MG at onset. A variable percentage of these patients develop secondary generalisation; the risk factors for conversion and the protective effect of immunosuppressive treatment are currently controversial.

We designed a retrospective single-centre study with the aim of describing the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of a Spanish cohort of patients with ocular MG from Hospital Universitario de Albacete from January 2008 to February 2020.

We selected 62 patients with ocular MG from a cohort of 91 patients with MG (68.1%). Median age at diagnosis was 68 (IQR, 52-75.3), and men accounted for 61.3% of the sample (n = 38). Most patients presented very late-onset ocular MG (n = 34, 54.8%). selleck chemicals llc Binocular diplopia was the most frequent initial symptom (51.7%). The rate of progression to generalised MG was 50% (n = 31), with a median time of 6 months (IQR, 2-12.8). Female sex (OR 5.46; 95% CI, 1.16-25-74; p = .03) and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (OR 8.86; 95% CI, 1.15-68.41; p = .04) were significantly associated with the risk of developing generalised MG.

The conversion rate observed in our series is relatively high. Generalisation of MG mainly occurs during the first 2 years of progression, and is strongly associated with female sex and especially with the presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
The conversion rate observed in our series is relatively high. Generalisation of MG mainly occurs during the first 2 years of progression, and is strongly associated with female sex and especially with the presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies.The mosquito-borne viruses belonging to the genus Flavivirus such as Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) cause human infections ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to hemorrhagic fevers, hepatitis, and neuropathies. To date, there are vaccines only for few flaviviruses while no effective treatments are available. Pyridobenzothiazole (PBTZ) derivatives are a class of compounds endowed with a promising broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus activity and most of them have been reported as potent inhibitors of the flaviviral NS5 polymerase. However, synthesis of PBTZ analogues entails a high number of purification steps, the use of hazardous reagents and environmentally unsustainable generation of waste. Considering the promising antiviral activity of PBTZ analogues which require further exploration, in this work, we report the development of a new and sustainable three-component reaction (3CR) that can be combined with a basic hydrolysis in a one-pot procedure to obtain the PBTZ scaffold, thus reducing the number of synthetic steps, improving yields and saving time. 3CR was significantly explored in order to demonstrate its wide scope by using different starting materials. In addition, taking advantage of these procedures, we next designed and synthesized a new set of PBTZ analogues that were tested as anti-DENV-2 and anti-ZIKV agents. Compound 22 inhibited DENV-2 NS5 polymerase with an IC50 of 10.4 μM and represented the best anti-flavivirus compound of the new series by inhibiting DENV-2- and ZIKV-infected cells with EC50 values of 1.2 and 5.0 μM, respectively, that translates into attractive selectivity indexes (SI - 83 and 20, respectively). These results strongly reaffirm PBTZ derivatives as promising anti-flavivirus agents that now can be synthesized through a convenient and sustainable 3CR in order to obtain more potent compounds for further pre-clinical development studies.Poisoning is an increasing and significant burden that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this retrospective study, poisoning-related cases that occurred in 19 cities and prefectures in Sichuan, Southwest China, between 2010 and 2018 were collected from the West China Forensic Medical Center of Sichuan and Public Security Bureaus. A total of 782 poisoning-related deaths were recorded, and their demographic characteristics, season of death, type of poison, and manner and cause of death were analysed. Of these cases, the victims were predominantly male (65.3%), and the 21∼50-year-old age group included the most victims (63.2%). The rural incidence was 71%. The most common poisoning agent was pesticide (40%), followed by toxic gases (32%), and there were cases of poisoning by poisonous animals and plants that are not common in other regions of China. The predominant manner of poisoning death was accident (50%), followed by suicide (38.3%) and homicide (5.0%). In this study, relevant information on poisoning-related cases was collected and compared with the poisoning data from other areas of China and foreign countries to provide guidance for the formulation of public health policies in Sichuan, Southwest China.The COVID-19 pandemic has forced forensic practitioners to consider how we perform our normal duties, especially when those duties involve humans. The potential for contracting the virus from working in close contact with living sufferers is high, and we have yet to fully determine the risk of infection from the deceased. In an attempt to support the community, the Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine has drawn together three articles which underline the importance of continued forensic medical practice during the pandemic and highlight some factors to consider in a Roadmap towards safe practice. Our Roadmap has intentionally taken an international perspective and supports other work we have published in the Journal on our collective response to the COVID-19 crisis.Physical child abuse is a major problem in South Africa and throughout the world, and the detection of skeletal trauma in victims of abuse may be critical in the accurate investigation of these cases. Since many of these fractures are not detected during traditional autopsy, the use of various diagnostic imaging tools is implemented in order to aid in the detection of trauma. In South Africa, Lodox (low-dose full-body X-ray) is commonly used in forensic mortuaries and the aim of this study was to assess the sensitivities of CT, X-ray and Lodox, in comparison to dry bone as the gold standard, in detecting both the number of fractures and minimum number of impacts in piglets subjected to blunt force trauma. Ten piglets were beaten with a mallet post-mortem in every region of the body. CT, X-ray and Lodox scans were taken of each piglet, after which the piglets were macerated in order to conduct an osteological analysis of the remains. The number of fractures and impacts present in each scan and on the dry bone were recorded.
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