Notes

miR-6718-5p along with miR-4329 bring potential biomarkers pertaining to intense myocardial infarction.
We assessed in extremely preterm born (EPB) children whether secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) responses recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) at term-equivalent age (TEA) correlate with neurodevelopmental outcome at age 6years. Secondly, we assessed whether SII responses differ between 6-year-old EPB and term-born (TB) children.

39 EPB children underwent MEG with tactile stimulation at TEA. At age 6years, 32 EPB and 26TB children underwent MEG including a sensorimotor task requiring attention and motor inhibition. SII responses to tactile stimulation were modeled with equivalent current dipoles. Neurological outcome, motor competence, and general cognitive ability were prospectively evaluated at age 6years.

Unilaterally absent SII response at TEA was associated with abnormal motor competence in 6-year-old EPB children (p=0.03). At age 6years, SII responses were bilaterally detectable in most EPB (88%) and TB (92%) children (group comparison, p=0.69). Motor inhibition was associated with decreased SII peak latencies in TB children, but EPB children lacked this effect (p=0.02).

Unilateral absence of an SII response at TEA predicted poorer motor outcome in EPB children.

Neurophysiological methods may provide new means for outcome prognostication in EPB children.
Neurophysiological methods may provide new means for outcome prognostication in EPB children.
This study examined neurophysiological (NI), split-hand (SI) and split-leg (SLI) index in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and their correlation with functional status, disease duration, staging and survival.

Eighty-two patients underwent nerve conduction study to analyze NI, SI and SLI. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), disease progression rate (ΔFS), Milano-Torino (MiToS) and King's staging systems, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and survival data were collected.

Both NI and SI indices were significantly associated with ALSFRS-R, MiToS, King's and FVC. Slow progressor patients (ΔFS < 0.5) reported a significantly higher NI and SI values compared to both normal (0.5 ≤ ΔFS < 1.00) and fast progressors (ΔFS ≥ 1.0). After dichotomizing patients in slow progressors (ΔFS < 0.5) and not-slow progressors (ΔFS ≥ 0.5), a combination of SI index and disease duration revealed to be the best prediction model to discriminate patients in accordance with their disease progression (c-index 0.92), leading to a new prognostic index the 'Split-Hand prognostic index' (SHpi).

SI and NI are correlated with functional status and FVC. SHpi index could represent an useful tool to discriminate patients in accordance with their disease progression.

These data provide novel evidence of neurophysiological indices as promising biomarkers in ALS.
These data provide novel evidence of neurophysiological indices as promising biomarkers in ALS.
Changes in baroreflex sensitivity have been reported in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). PD98059 We sought to investigate the hypothesis that patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), known to be a prodromal stage for PD, will show abnormalities in baroreflex control.

Ten iRBD patients were compared to 10 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Their cardiovascular parameters and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were evaluated at rest and during baroreflex stimulation.

MSNA at rest was higher in iRBD patients (burst frequency [BF] 44±3 bursts/min; burst incidence [BI] 60±8 bursts/100 heartbeats) as compared to the controls (BF 29±3 bursts/min, p<0.001; BI 43±9 bursts/100 heartbeats, p<0.001). During baroreflex stimulation, iRBD patients showed increased absolute values of MSNA (BF F=62.728; p<0.001; BI F=16.277; p<0.001) as compared to the controls. The iRBD patients had decreased diastolic blood pressure at baseline and during lower body negative pressure, but the level of significance was not met.

Our study shows increased MSNA and impaired baroreflex control in iRBD patients. We propose that the inhibitory effect of locus coeruleus on baroreflex function might be impaired, leading to the disinhibition of sympathetic outflow.

These findings might reflect the destruction of brain areas due to the ascending P-α-synuclein deposits in iRBD patients.
These findings might reflect the destruction of brain areas due to the ascending P-α-synuclein deposits in iRBD patients.
We aimed to test the hypothesis that computational features of the first several minutes of EEG recording can be used to estimate the risk for development of acute seizures in comatose critically-ill children.

In a prospective cohort of 118 comatose children, we computed features of the first five minutes of artifact-free EEG recording (spectral power, inter-regional synchronization and cross-frequency coupling) and tested if these features could help identify the 25 children who went on to develop acute symptomatic seizures during the subsequent 48 hours of cEEG monitoring.

Children who developed acute seizures demonstrated higher average spectral power, particularly in the theta frequency range, and distinct patterns of inter-regional connectivity, characterized by greater connectivity at delta and theta frequencies, but weaker connectivity at beta and low gamma frequencies. Subgroup analyses among the 97 children with the same baseline EEG background pattern (generalized slowing) yielded qualitatively and quantitatively similar results.

These computational features could be applied to baseline EEG recordings to identify critically-ill children at high risk for acute symptomatic seizures.

If confirmed in independent prospective cohorts, these features would merit incorporation into a decision support system in order to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic management of seizures among comatose children.
If confirmed in independent prospective cohorts, these features would merit incorporation into a decision support system in order to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic management of seizures among comatose children.
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