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Lactobacillus reuteri in the Biofilm Express Boosts Protection from New Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
This study discusses the gendered nature of the transformation of academic work, which has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected empirical material in spring 2020, at the peak of the pandemic, via 28 interviews with academics in Poland. The results illustrate the far-reaching and lasting impacts of the pandemic on academia that reinforce existing gender inequalities and bring new ones. The study also reveals the invisible academic work, which is performed mostly by female faculty. This work, neither recognized nor rewarded in the course of women's academic careers, deepens the gendered organization of work in higher education institutions.The effect of indoor airflow has been confirmed on the diffusion and transmission of droplets generated when talking or sneezing by a person with a viral respiratory infection such as COVID-19. The present study to investigate the effect of airflow in an indoor environment (a classroom) on the distribution and transmission of droplets emitted from speaking and cough by an infected person. A numerical analysis to investigate the persistence and deposition of particles on the surfaces of desks and the faces of residents (teacher and students) under various scenarios, including the opening of windows. This study puts forward two types of conditions while the teacher is speaking and the cough of some students for the distribution of pathogenic particles. Computational Fluid Dynamics used to conduct the study, using the Euler-Lagrange approach to capture the transport of the particles, and the RANS equations to compute the airflow field in the classroom. The results indicate the significant effect of air conditioning and open window close to the infected person in reducing environmental pathogens. Moreover, the concentrations of virus particles increase greatly near the output; hence, the presence of people in these areas increases the risk of contracting the disease. Furthermore, when all the windows are closed, due to the low output capacity, the particles spread in all areas of the domain and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is recommended that the window be open in indoors environment especially the window next to the speaker.Student engagement has been described as active involvement in a learning activity that significantly affects learning achievement. This study investigated student engagement in robotics education, considering it as an instant emotional reaction on interaction with the teacher, the peers, and the robotic environment. The objective was to characterize engagement in high school robotics courses through the lenses of preparation for academic and technical careers. Students who participated in this study (N = 41), all of whom were in the eleventh grade, belonged to either School A (n1 = 20) or School B (n2 = 21). School A students studied only one subject at an advanced level-mechatronics, while each student in School B studied engineering systems as well as one of the following three subjects at an advanced level computer science, a natural science subject, or mathematics. Data were collected via structured classroom observations, interviews, and a questionnaire. From the analysis of the collected data, we identified 23 engagement structures in total, 12 of which were already known in the literature, and 11 of which were novel. selleck chemical The two groups of students shared nine known structures, and no novel structures. Unlike previous studies of engagement structures, this study was based on an entire year of observations. Additionally, it is one of the first studies of high school student engagement in robotics education. Our findings and conclusions contribute to understanding of student engagement in robotic education, allowing robotics teachers to tailor their instruction more effectively.Many of life's molecules including proteins are built from chiral building blocks. What drove homochiral building block selection? Simulations on demi-chiral proteins containing equal numbers of d- and l-amino acids show that they possess many modern homochiral protein properties. They have the same global folds and could do the same biochemistry, with ancient, essential functions being most prevalent. They could synthesize chiral RNA and lipids which formed vesicles. RNA eventually combined with proteins creating ribosomes for more efficient protein synthesis, and thus, life began. Increased native state stability from homochiral secondary structure hydrogen bonding helped drive proteins towards homochirality.The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitals yields many advantages but also confronts healthcare with ethical questions and challenges. While various disciplines have conducted specific research on the ethical considerations of AI in hospitals, the literature still requires a holistic overview. By conducting a systematic discourse approach highlighted by expert interviews with healthcare specialists, we identified the status quo of interdisciplinary research in academia on ethical considerations and dimensions of AI in hospitals. We found 15 fundamental manuscripts by constructing a citation network for the ethical discourse, and we extracted actionable principles and their relationships. We provide an agenda to guide academia, framed under the principles of biomedical ethics. We provide an understanding of the current ethical discourse of AI in clinical environments, identify where further research is pressingly needed, and discuss additional research questions that should be addressed. We also guide practitioners to acknowledge AI-related benefits in hospitals and to understand the related ethical concerns.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4.
The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the context for cross-border business. This is reflected in trade flows but also affects the conditions for conducting dispersed production functions across countries. This "new normal" period presents the need to examine the main problems/challenges in international trade and business.

The article aims to establish the scope, aspects and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade and on international production by reviewing recent articles which deal with international trade and global value chain (GVC) issues, changes that were already taking place and the challenges that began in 2020.

The findings of recent articles on trade flows and changes in GVCs (mainly the period 2019-2021) are described in theoretical terms, compared and systematically reviewed. Special focus is given to the impact of the pandemic on GVCs, re-nationalization and GVCs and the impact of the pandemic on GVC governance, and GVCs in the production of vaccines for the COVID-19 virus.
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