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Histopathology of the lacrimal glands from all groups showed preserved lobular architecture with serous acini arranged in lobules, intralobular and interlobular ducts, interstitial fibro collagenous tissue. There was no glandular distortion and atrophy in experimental group.Conclusion Enucleation do not co-relate or affect the tear volume and lacrimal gland acinar microstructural changes in an anophthalmic socket co-relating to the contralateral normal functional eye.
Heavy slow resistance (HSR) training is currently recommended as part of the treatment of patellar tendon tendinopathy. However, treatment success is not reached in all patients, and combinations of different treatments could be beneficial. Local administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in humans has been shown to quickly stimulate tendon collagen synthesis.

To study whether IGF-1 injections combined with HSR training enhance tendon synthesis, tissue structure, and patient satisfaction versus saline injection combined with HSR training in patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Forty patients (age 18-50 years) with unilateral patellar tendinopathy undertook HSR training (3 times a week for 12 weeks) and received intratendinous IGF-1 injections (1 mg IGF-1 per dose) or isotonic saline injections (sham injections) at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks of training. The primary outcome was collagen synthesis parameters after 12 weeks (primary endect of intratendinous IGF-1 was observed on structural and clinical outcomes in patients with patellar tendinopathy.

NCT01834989 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
NCT01834989 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Biological and/or physical assays for retrospective dosimetry are valuable tools to recover the exposure situation and to aid medical decision making. To further validate and improve such biological and physical assays, in 2019, EURADOS Working Group 10 and RENEB performed a field exercise in Lund, Sweden, to simulate various real-life exposure scenarios.

For the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), blood tubes were located at anthropomorphic phantoms positioned in different geometries and were irradiated with a 1.36 TBq
Ir-source. For each exposure condition, dose estimates were provided by at least one laboratory and for four conditions by 17 participating RENEB laboratories. Three radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeters were placed at each tube to assess reference doses.

The DCA results were homogeneous between participants and matched well with the reference doses (≥95% of estimates within ±0.5 Gy of the reference). For samples close to the source systematic underestimation could be corrected by accounting for exposure time. Heterogeneity within and between tubes was detected for reference doses as well as for DCA doses estimates.

The participants were able to successfully estimate the doses and to provide important information on the exposure scenarios under conditions closely resembling a real-life situation.
The participants were able to successfully estimate the doses and to provide important information on the exposure scenarios under conditions closely resembling a real-life situation.
Availability of targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs) has transformed care for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Our objective was to identify patterns and predictors of OAA use within 12 months after mRCC was detected to understand real-world adoption of OAAs.

We used a novel, North Carolina cancer registry-linked multipayer claims data resource to examine patterns of use of five oral therapies among patients with mRCC diagnosed in 2006-2015, with claims through 2016. BI-4020 price Patients were required to have 12 months of continuous enrollment before metastatic index date. Log-Poisson models estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for associations between patient characteristics and OAA use. In sensitivity analyses, we used a competing risk framework to estimate adjusted risk differences in OAA use.

Our population-based study of 713 patients demonstrated low (37%) OAA use during the first year after metastatic index date among both publicly and privately insured patients, with shifting patterns of use consistent with regulatory approvals over time. Compared with patients age 18-49 years, patients age 70-74 years were half likely to use OAAs (95% confidence limit [CL], 0.34 to 0.78) and patients age 80+ years were 71% less likely to use OAAs (95% CL, 0.17 to 0.50). Patients with two comorbidities (RR, 0.73; 95% CL, 0.55 to 0.98) and those with 3+ comorbidities (RR, 0.68; 95% CL, 0.50 to 0.91) were less likely to receive OAA than those without comorbidities. Patients with higher frailty also had lower OAA utilization (RR, 0.67; 95% CL, 0.52 to 0.85).

These findings suggest a need to better understand the system-level and provider-level drivers of OAA underuse, as well as OAA adherence and associated survival.
These findings suggest a need to better understand the system-level and provider-level drivers of OAA underuse, as well as OAA adherence and associated survival.
To estimate the current burden of seven major noncommunicable diseases on direct medical costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism in the six countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

We used data from pre-existing datasets and the literature. We identified seven major noncommunicable diseases for which data were available coronary heart disease, stroke, type-2 diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, colon cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. We estimated the per unit cost (the annual cost of treating each illness for one person) of each disease, multiplied per unit cost by disease prevalence counts to generate disease-specific costs, and then summed across diseases. We calculated the cost of absenteeism and presenteeism by multiplying the gross domestic product per person in the labor force by the loss in productivity from each disease due to absenteeism and presenteeism, respectively, and the prevalence in the labor force of each disease.
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