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0%). Average myocardial T1 times in diastole/systole were 1398/1391 ms with cine-MRF, 1394/1378 ms with ECG-triggered cardiac MRF (cMRF) and 1234/1212 ms with MOLLI; and T2 values were 30.7/30.3 ms with cine-MRF, 32.6/32.9 ms with ECG-triggered cMRF and 37.6/41.0 ms with T2 -prepared FLASH. Cine-MRF and ECG-triggered cMRF relaxation times were in good agreement. Cine-MRF T1 values were significantly longer than MOLLI, and cine-MRF T2 values were significantly shorter than T2 -prepared FLASH. In summary, cine-MRF can potentially streamline cardiac MRI exams by combining left ventricle functional assessment and T1 -T2 mapping into one time-efficient acquisition.Introduction Maintaining a continuum of care is vital to ensure adequate health among older adults, particularly during periods of care transitions, when they are vulnerable and at risk of poor health outcomes. The Transition Care Program in Australia is designed to support older adults following the conclusion of a hospital episode. Using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT), this study aimed to understand how the Transition Care Program impacts an older adult's occupational performance during care transitions. Methods Data were collected as a part of usual occupational therapy care from March 2016 to August 2017 from clients admitted to a Gold Coast Health Transition Care Program. Data from 110 clients were analysed on 5 AusTOMs-OT scales functional walking and mobility, upper limb use, self care, domestic life-home, and community life/recreation/leisure/play. Change data from these scales were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results Clients in the Transition Care Program experienced statistically and clinically significant improvements in all AusTOMs-OT scales analysed as well as in each domain of impairment, activity limitation, participation restriction and distress/wellbeing. Conclusion These results are meaningful for clients, occupational therapists and Australian Transition Care Programs. Clients demonstrated progress towards their goals, indicating maintenance or improvements in their occupational performance, confirming for occupational therapists that the provision of services is promoting goal achievement and leading to improved occupational performance. The study also highlighted the benefits for the use of outcome measures such as the AusTOMs-OT to quantify and validate client change.Aims To describe the prevalence, overlap, and prognostic implications of physical and social frailties and cognitive dysfunction in hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure. Methods and results The FRAGILE-HF study was a prospective multicenter cohort study enrolling consecutive hospitalized patients with heart failure aged ≥65 years. The study objectives were to examine the prevalence, overlap, and prognostic implications of the coexistence of multiple frailty domains. Physical frailty, social frailty, and cognitive dysfunction were evaluated by the Fried phenotype model, Makizako's 5 items, and Mini-Cog, respectively. The primary study outcome was the combined endpoint of heart failure rehospitalization and all-cause death within 1 year. Results Among 1,180 enrolled hospitalized patients (median age, 81 years; 57.4% male), physical frailty, social frailty, and cognitive dysfunction were identified in 56.1%, 66.4%, and 37.1% of the patients, respectively. The number of identified frailty domains was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 13.5%, 31.4%, 36.9%, and 18.2% of the patients, respectively. During follow-up, the combined endpoint occurred in 383 patients. Adjusted hazard ratios for 1, 2, and 3 domains, with 0 domains as the reference, were 1.38 [95% CI, 0.89-2.13; P=0.15], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.04-2.46; P=.034], and 2.04 [95% CI, 1.28-3.24; P=.003], respectively. Incorporating the number of frailty domains into the pre-existing risk model yielded a 22.0% (95% CI, 0.087-0.352; P=0.001) net-reclassification improvement for the primary outcome. Conclusions The coexistence of multiple frailty domains is prevalent in hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure. Holistic assessment of multi-domain frailty provides additive value to known prognostic factors.The evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction has long challenged biologists as the majority of species reproduce sexually despite inherent costs. Providing a general explanation for the evolutionary success of sex has thus proven difficult and resulted in numerous hypotheses. A leading hypothesis suggests that antagonistic species interaction can generate conditions selecting for increased sex due to the production of rare or novel genotypes that are beneficial for rapid adaptation to recurrent environmental change brought on by antagonism. To test this ecology-based hypothesis, we conducted experimental evolution in a predator (rotifer)-prey (algal) system by using continuous cultures to track predator-prey dynamics and in situ rates of sex in the prey over time and within replicated experimental populations. Overall, we found that predator-mediated fluctuating selection for competitive versus defended prey resulted in higher rates of genetic mixing in the prey. More specifically, our results showed that fluctuating population sizes of predator and prey, coupled with a trade-off in the prey, drove the sort of recurrent environmental change that could provide a benefit to sex in the prey, despite inherent costs. We end with a discussion of potential population genetic mechanisms underlying increased selection for sex in this system, based on our application of a general theoretical framework for measuring the effects of sex over time, and interpreting how these effects can lead to inferences about the conditions selecting for or against sexual reproduction in a system with antagonistic species interaction.Background Anxiety disorders first emerge during the critical developmental periods of childhood and adolescence. This review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, risk factors, and course of the anxiety disorders; and their neurobiology and treatment. Methods For this review, searches were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and clinicaltrials.gov. 2-APV concentration Findings related to the epidemiology, neurobiology, risk factors, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders were then summarized. Findings Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, and early-onset conditions associated with multiple risk factors including early inhibited temperament, environment stress, and structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal-amygdala circuitry as well as the default mode and salience networks. The anxiety disorders are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Conclusions Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, early-onset conditions associated with a distinct neurobiological fingerprint, and are consistently responsive to treatment.
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