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Distinct as well as temporally linked nerve organs systems root contingency, postsuccess, and also posterror psychological controls: Evidence coming from a stop-signal activity.
51 (HDRS-QIDS-SR) to 0.64 (MADRS-BDI). Few predictors of discordance between CRs and PROs were identified, though chronicity of the current episode in treatment-naïve patients was associated with greater agreement. read more LIMITATIONS Inter-rater reliability of the clinician interviews was conducted separately within the two studies so we could not determine the reliability between the two groups of raters used in the studies. CONCLUSION Findings generally supported acceptably high levels of agreement between patient and clinician ratings of baseline depression severity. More work is needed to determine the extent to which PROs can improve outcomes in MBC for depression and, more specifically, TRD. BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that job insecurity is associated with poor mental health, but research examining how different aspects of job insecurity relate to clinical measures of poor mental health are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between cognitive and affective job insecurity and incident purchases of psychotropic drugs. METHODS We included 14,586 employees participating in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), who answered questions on cognitive and/or affective job insecurity in 2010, 2012 or 2014. Respondents were followed in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (2.5 years on average). We investigated the association between job insecurity and incident psychotropic drugs with marginal structural Cox models. RESULTS Affective job insecurity was associated with an increased risk of purchasing any psychotropic drugs (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.40 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.04-1.89)) while cognitive job insecurity was not (HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.92-1.43)). Cognitive and affective job insecurity were both associated with antidepressants, affective job insecurity with anxiolytics, but no association was found with sedatives. Women and younger workers seemed to have higher risk compared to men and older workers, but differences were not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS Although job insecurity and psychotropic drugs were assessed through independent sources and several covariates were considered, unmeasured confounding cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS The findings support that affective job insecurity is a risk factor for psychotropic drug treatment, that it may be relevant to distinguish between different types of job insecurity, and to consider sex and age as moderating factors. V.BACKGROUND Social disconnection is a common and pernicious feature of anxiety and depressive disorders, yet is insufficiently addressed by our best available treatments. To better understand why people with anxiety and depression feel socially disconnected, we tested a positive and negative valence systems framework informed by research on how normative social connections develop and flourish. METHOD Individuals seeking treatment for anxiety or depression (N = 150) completed measures of perceived social connectedness, positive and negative valence temperament, social goals, affect, symptoms, and life satisfaction. RESULTS Feeling less socially connected was associated with diminished life satisfaction, beyond clinical symptom severity. Regression analyses revealed that both diminished positive valence and heightened negative valence temperament, and their corresponding motivational and affective outputs, were significantly and uniquely (with no significant interaction between them) associated with lower perceived connectedness. LIMITATIONS Data was cross-sectional and based on self-report-limiting conclusions about causality and social disconnection processes at different units of analysis. CONCLUSIONS Understanding social disconnection through the lens of a positive and negative valence systems framework may inform transdiagnostic models and treatment approaches. V.BACKGROUND Maternal psychopathology can be an important factor associated with psychological adjustment of children. However, there is limited research on long-term impacts of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on children's mental health. This study examined how PTSD trajectories of women exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China predicted their children's mental health symptoms 10 years after the earthquake. METHODS 410 dyads of mothers and their adolescent children who exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated at 12 and 18 months post-earthquake. While the mothers completed measures of earthquake exposure and PTSD symptoms, the children completed measures of earthquake exposure, PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms. In the 10-year follow up, 257 out of the 410 children completed measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms. Data were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS Four trajectories of maternal PTSD symptoms were identified (a) chronic (9.5%); (b) resilient (66.3%); (c) delayed (7.6%); and (d) recovery (16.6%); More importantly, the findings demonstrated that children whose mothers experienced chronic PTSD reported higher level of PTSD and anxiety symptoms 10 years after the earthquake. LIMITATIONS Only two waves of maternal PTSD were collected, self-reported tools other than clinical reviews were used to collect data, and a significant proportion of participants did not respond at the 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study identified maternal PTSD trajectories following the Wenchuan earthquake. Chronic PTSD symptoms in mothers were associated with increased risk of children's PTSD and anxiety 10 years after the earthquake. BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the performance of Bipolar Disorder patients (BD) on Emotional Processing (EP) is conflicting, suggesting that heterogeneity within this population may exist. It is not completely understood if this impacts on clinical presentation and functional outcomes. METHODS A total of 212 BD patients were recruited. Patients underwent MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery as well as a clinical evaluation to detect premorbid traits, comorbidities and clinical features. Performance on each basic emotion on the Emotional Recognition Task (ERT) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test were entered into hierarchical cluster analyses in order to determine the number of clusters and to assign subjects to specific clusters. We then compared subgroups on clinical factors and real-world community functioning. RESULTS No differences between BD patients as a group and controls were found in EP performance. Two clusters of BD patients were found, one with "intact" performance (71.2%) that performed as healthy controls (HC) and other with "impaired" performance (28.
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