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Embryonic Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Live in Muscle prior to Bone fragments Marrow Hematopoiesis.
AIMS B cell functions in the process of atherogenesis have been investigated but several aspects remain to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we show that follicular regulatory helper T cells (TFR) control regulatory B cell (BREG) populations in Apoe-/- mice models on a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Feeding mice with HCD resulted in upregulation of TFR and BREG cell populations, causing the suppression of proatherogenic follicular helper T cell (TFH) response. TFH cell modulation is correlated with the growth of atherosclerotic plaque size in thoraco-abdominal aortas and aortic root plaques, suggesting that TFR cells are atheroprotective. During adoptive transfer experiments, TFR cells transferred into HCD mice decreased TFH cell populations, atherosclerotic plaque size while BREG cell population and lymphangiogenesis are significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, through different strategies, both TFR and TFH cells modulate anti- and pro-atherosclerotic immune processes in an Apoe-/- mice model since TFR cells are able to regulate both TFH and BREG cell populations as well as lymphangiogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE This research demonstrates that TFR cells have atheroprotective functions through modulation of different important biological processes present during atherogenesis. Among these biological processes, lymphangiogenesis and Breg proliferation appear to have particular importance across their ability to modulate immune response, inflammation and cholesterol levels. It may be worth evaluating the use of TFR cells in the primary setting for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, although TFR cell populations cannot be considered as a means of treating established atherosclerosis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.Long-term exposures to the stress and stimulation of different work, parenting, and partnership combinations may influence later life cognition. This study investigated the relationship between women's work-family life histories and cognitive functioning in later life. Analyses were based on data from women in 14 European countries born between 1930 and 1957 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (2004-9) (n=11,908). Multichannel sequence analysis identified five distinct work-family typologies based on women's work, partnership, and childrearing statuses between ages 12 and 50. Multilevel regressions tested the association between work-family histories and later life cognition. Partnered mothers who mainly worked part-time had the best cognitive function in later life, scoring about 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18, 1.07) points higher than mothers who worked full time on a 19-point scale. Partnered mothers who were mainly unpaid caregivers or did other unpaid activities had cognitive scores that were 1.19 (95% CI 0.49, 1.89) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.20, 1.66) points lower than full-time working mothers. The findings are robust to adjustment for childhood advantage and educational credentials. This study provides new evidence that long-term exposures to certain social role combinations after childhood and schooling are linked to later life cognition. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] the 1930s, the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps nationalized racial residential segregation via "redlining," whereby the color red designated areas with black, foreign-born, or low-income residents, which were deemed unsuitable for mortgage lending. We used the recently digitized HOLC redlining maps for 28 municipalities in Massachusetts to analyze Massachusetts Cancer Registry data for late stage at diagnosis for cervical, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer (2001-2015). Multivariable analyses indicated that, net of age, gender, and race/ethnicity, residing in a previously HOLC redlined area imposed an elevated risk for late stage at diagnosis even for residents of census tracts with present-day economic and racial privilege, whereas the best historical HOLC grade was not protective for residents of census tracts without such current privilege. For example, a substantially elevated risk of late stage at diagnosis occurred among men with lung cancer residing in currently privileged areas that had been redlined (relative risk (RR) = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06, 1.29), whereas such risk was attenuated among men residing in census tracts lacking such current privilege (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.94, 1.08). Research on historical redlining as a structural driver of health inequities is warranted. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.In large scale cohort studies sedentary behaviour has been routinely measured using self-report or devices that apply count-based threshold. We employed a gold standard postural allocation technique using thigh inclination and acceleration to capture free-living sedentary behaviour . GKT137831 Participants (n=5,346, aged 46.8 ± 0.7 yrs) from the 1970 British Cohort study (U.K.) were fitted with a water-proofed thigh mounted accelerometer device (activPAL3 micro) worn continuously over 7 days, collected 2016 - 2018. Useable data were retrieved in 83.0% of the devices fitted, with 79.6% of the sample recording at least 6 full days of wear (at least 10 waking hours). Total daily sitting time (average 9.5±2.0 hr/d men and 9.0±2.0 hr/d women) accounted for 59.4% and 57.3% of waking hours in men and women respectively; 73.8% of the sample recorded ≥8hr/d of sitting. Sitting in prolonged bouts of more than 60 continuous minutes accounted for 25.3 % and 24.4% of total daily sitting in men and women respectively. In mutually adjusted models, male sex, underweight and obesity, education, poor self-rated health, TV-viewing time and a sitting occupation were associated with higher device measured sitting times. Thigh worn accelerometry was feasibly deployed and should be considered for larger scale national surveys. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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