Notes

Syntheses regarding 1H-Indoles, Quinolines, and 6-Membered Fragrant N-Heterocycle-Fused Scaffolds through Palladium(The second)-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation under Alkoxide-Free Conditions.
A transdermal patch that combines microneedle array (MA) with iontophoresis can achieve synergistic and remarkable enhancement of drug delivery with precise electronic control. However, the development of an MA patch combined with iontophoresis that can enable in situ treatment, easy self-administration, and controllable delivery of liquid macromolecular drugs is still a challenge. Here, we presented an iontophoresis-driven porous MA patch (IDPMAP) for in situ, patient-friendly, and active delivery of charged macromolecular drugs. IDPMAP integrates porous MA with iontophoresis into a single transdermal patch, thus realizing the one-step drug administration strategy of "Penetration, Diffusion, and Iontophoresis." Moreover, a matching portable iontophoresis-driven device was developed for drug self-administration of IDPMAP. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that IDPMAP had approximately 99% skin penetration rate, negligible cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility without skin irritation and hypersensitivity. In vivo transdermal delivery of insulin in type 1 diabetic rats demonstrated that IDPMAP could effectively deliver insulin nanovesicles and produce a robust hypoglycemic effect on the rats (maintain normal blood glucose for approximately 5.4 h), with more advanced controllability and efficiency than that achieved by pristine MA or iontophoresis. IDPMAP and its portable iontophoresis-driven device are user-friendly and thus show a promising potential for drug self-administration at home.
Thrombophilia conditions are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Elevated plasma levels of factor VIII (>150 IU/dL) increase the risk of venous thrombosis. The aim of this report is to analyze a subset of patients in whom plasma factor VIII levels were investigated as part of a thrombophilia panel at a specialty venous clinic at a tertiary care hospital.

From January 2019 to December 2019, records of all patients (n= 306) who had a plasma factor VIII level assay performed as part of a thrombophilia panel were retrospectively analyzed. Group 1 (n= 92) had normal factor VIII levels (≤150 IU/dL), whereas group 2 (n= 214) had elevated factor VIII levels (>150 IU/dL). Venous thromboembolic events were classified as provoked if there was an association with surgery, trauma, immobilization, orthopedic fracture, peripartum period, or use of hormones. If there was no associated factor identifiable in the patient's history, the event was considered unprovoked.

The median age for patciated with DVT recurrence. This has important implications for secondary prophylactic strategies for DVT.
Factor VIII levels were found to be elevated in a significant proportion of patients in whom thrombophilia testing was performed at a specialty venous clinic. This elevation was more common in patients with venous ulceration, a positive family history of DVT, and a personal history of an unprovoked DVT. Levels above 200 IU/dL were associated with DVT recurrence. This has important implications for secondary prophylactic strategies for DVT.
The common side effects of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) are pain and discomfort in the treated leg. We compared the pain and outcomes after EVLA using a 1470-nm laser with bare tip or radial fibers in the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSVs).

A total of 86 patients with primary varicose veins of the GSV were randomized to treatment using a 1470-nm laser and bare fiber (BF; n= 43) or radial fiber (RF; n= 43) during a 12-month period from January to December 2019. Patients were assessed clinically and using venous Doppler ultrasonography at 24hours, 1week, and 1month. The periprocedural parameters and short-term outcomes of pain after the procedure, improvement in the venous clinical severity score (VCSS), and vein occlusion at 1month were compared and analyzed.

The linear endovenous energy density (65.7J/cm vs 65.2J/cm), tumescent local anesthetic solution used (627.4mL vs 661.4mL), treated GSV length, and number of hook phlebectomies were similar in both groups. The pain score at 8hours (2.77 vs 2.70) and 1week (2.81 vs 2.74) were similar in the BF and RF groups, respectively. The improvement in the VCSS was significant in both groups and was slightly better in the BF group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Both fiber types had 100% efficacy in terms of closure of the treated vein at 1month.

EVLA using a 1470-nm laser with a BF had similar outcomes in the short term compared with a RF of the same wavelength. Both fibers were associated with significant improvement in the VCSS at 1month.
EVLA using a 1470-nm laser with a BF had similar outcomes in the short term compared with a RF of the same wavelength. see more Both fibers were associated with significant improvement in the VCSS at 1 month.
Spontaneous subclavian vein (SCV) thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome [PSS]) has been attributed to venous compression at the thoracic outlet and traditionally diagnosed using venography. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) allows for a multidimensional view of vascular structures and might be more accurate in revealing venous compression. The goal of the present study was to compare venography and IVUS in patients presenting with PSS to assess the relative accuracy of each modality.

Patients presenting for evaluation of PSS from 2013 to 2019 were evaluated for SCV compression using venography and IVUS. Venography and IVUS measurements of stenosis were performed of the index and contralateral limbs in both neutral and stress (arm overhead) positions. The IVUS data included the SCV diameters in the anteroposterior (AP) plane, craniocaudal (CC) plane, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Stenosis was reported as the percentage of reduction from a reference point (lateral margin of the first rib) for the venogthe evaluation of patients with PSS in whom venography shows no evident compression.
IVUS proved more sensitive than venography in detecting significant stenosis leading to SCV thrombosis. A reduction in the CSA was the most sensitive measure of stenosis. IVUS identified significant stenosis in patients in whom venography failed to do so. The greatest utility of IVUS is in the evaluation of patients with PSS in whom venography shows no evident compression.
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