Notes

The Conductive Network along with Dipole Discipline for Harnessing Photogenerated Cost Kinetics.
The LA-EQAS is an excellent tool for continuous quality improvement in the diagnosis of infections due to multiresistant microorganisms in NRLs in Latin America.
LY-3475070 -EQAS is an excellent tool for continuous quality improvement in the diagnosis of infections due to multiresistant microorganisms in NRLs in Latin America.
To define the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the microorganisms most commonly isolated from hospitalized adult patients in Dominican Republic (DR).

A retrospective, cross-sectional study of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was conducted using data from 3 802 clinical microbiology reports specifying positive bacterial cultures in samples collected from patients admitted to the clinical, surgery, and intensive care units (ICU) at three tertiary-level care hospitals in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros from 1 January 2016 - 31 December 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test (
≤ 0.05) were used to analyze the qualitative variables.

At the three hospitals, there were 932, 1 090, and 1 780 microbiology reports analyzed. Of the total, 1274 were from the ICU, 1 042 from the surgery unit, and 1 486 from the clinical unit. Methicillin resistance was found in 57.3% of the
isolates and 75.3% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci. Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was detected in 54.4% of isolates identified as members of the
family, 67.3% of the
spp., and 91.7% of the
, while carbapenem resistance was shown by 8.0%, 23.8%, and 51.0% of these, respectively. Most of the resistant
spp. #link# isolates were found in just one hospital and the prevalence of
resistant to carbapenems was highest in the ICU.

Antimicrobial resistance levels are high among hospitalized patients in Dominican Republic and may cause enhanced risk factors that impact clinical outcomes. Urgent measures are needed to address antimicrobial resistance in DR.
Antimicrobial resistance levels are high among hospitalized patients in Dominican Republic and may cause enhanced risk factors that impact clinical outcomes. Urgent measures are needed to address antimicrobial resistance in DR.
To identify effective interventions to manage antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings and potential barriers to their implementation.

A synthesis of evidence for health policy was performed using SUPPORT tools. Literature searches were performed in November and December 2018 in 14 databases. A face-to-face deliberative dialogue workshop to identify implementation barriers was performed with 23 participants (manager, researchers, and health care professionals) and 14 listeners divided into three groups. Researchers with experience in deliberative dialogue acted as facilitators.

Twenty-seven systematic reviews focusing on antimicrobial stewardship using combined or individual strategies were identified. The interventions included education, electronic systems, use of biomarkers, and several strategies of antimicrobial management. The main barriers to the implementation of interventions, identified in the literature and deliberative dialogue workshop, were poor infrastructure and insufficient human resources, patient complaints regarding the treatment received, cultural differences within the multidisciplinary team, work overload, and lack of financing/planning.

Most of the strategies identified were effective for antimicrobial stewardship in hospital settings. The reliability of results may be strengthened with the performance of additional research of higher methodological quality.
Most of the strategies identified were effective for antimicrobial stewardship in hospital settings. The reliability of results may be strengthened with the performance of additional research of higher methodological quality.
To report the species identified in candidemia isolated in hospitals in Paraguay, their distribution by age groups, and their susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B.

Retrospective study of candidemia reported to the Central Health Public Laboratory by seven hospitals between 2010 and 2018. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed using the automated Vitek 2
system.

520 cases of candidiasis were reported. The prevalent species were
(34.4%),
(30.4%),
(25.4%
(4.8%), and
(2.1%). Less frequent species were
(1.2%),
(1%),
(0.3%),
(0.2%), and
(0.2%). Candidiasis was most prevalent in the elderly (48.5%) and adults (29.9%).
was most frequent in newborns and infants, and
in pediatric patients; 2.8% and 0.6% of
and 4.4% and 2.5% of
were resistant, respectively, to fluconazole and voriconazole; 8% of
were resistant to fluconazole and two isolations showed a minimum inhibitory concentration for voriconazole greater than 0.25 mg/L.

This is the first report on candidemias in hospitals of Paraguay. Together with other studies, it will improve knowledge about this infection in the country.
This is the first report on candidemias in hospitals of Paraguay. Together with other studies, it will improve knowledge about this infection in the country.
To identify socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of
and
in Chilean hospitals (2008-2017).

We reviewed the scientific literature on socioeconomic factors associated with the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Using multivariate regression, we tested findings from the literature drawing from a longitudinal dataset on antimicrobial resistance from 41 major private and public hospitals and a nationally representative household survey in Chile (2008-2017). We estimated resistance rates for three priority antibiotic-bacterium pairs, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; i.e., imipenem and meropenem resistant
cloxacillin resistant
and cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant


Evidence from the literature review suggests poverty and material deprivation are important risk factors for the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Most studies found that worse socioeconomic indicators were associated with higher rates of antimicrobial resistance.
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