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Functionality associated with chitosan-lysozyme microspheres, physicochemical characterization, enzymatic as well as antimicrobial task.
RESULTS The pain cue self-report was stated more often for intact than for delirium patients χ2 (1, N = 106) = 22.56, p less then 0.001. HCP s stated yelling χ2 (2, N = 159) = 11.14, p=0.004, when describing pain in hyperactive than in hypoactive and mixed delirium patients; and significantly more HCP s stated grimace χ2 (2, N = 159) = 6.88, p=0.03, when describing pain in hypoactive than hyperactive and mixed patients. CONCLUSION This study outlines how HCP conduct pain assessment in patients who are delirious and, also, identifies pain behaviour profiles for the subtypes of delirium. CONTEXT Responding to emotion cues is an essential skill for communicating with patients and families, but many healthcare trainees have difficulty applying this skill within the context of a complex conversation. OBJECTIVES We created an original online module to facilitate deliberate practice of a three-skill framework for responding to emotion cues during complex or non-linear serious illness conversations. METHODS Our original online module employs a gamebook format which prompts trainees to engage in focused, repetitive practice of three well-defined skills for responding to emotion cues in a simulated family conference. We implemented the module as a part of a communication skills curriculum for interns rotating in the intensive care unit. After completing the module, all interns answered an open-ended survey question about their perceived skill acquisition. Results were analyzed by a qualitative method and coded into themes. RESULTS 71% of interns (n=65/92) completed the online module and open-ended survey question. 89% of participants responded that they would use a NURSE statement (naming, understanding, respecting, supporting, exploring) in response to an emotion cue. Nearly two-thirds of participants articulated their rationale for using NURSE statements (eg preparing patients to process complex medical information, eliciting information about patient perspective.) CONCLUSIONS Our online emotion cue module is a novel tool for deliberate practice of advanced skills for responding to emotion cues in serious illness conversations. In future studies, we will investigate whether our module's efficacy is enhanced by utilizing it as a part of a flipped classroom curriculum with an in-person simulation session. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut leaf (WL) is a hypoglycemic herbal medication with blood glucose-lowering activity that can affect diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the active components of WL and the mechanisms by which these compounds affect DM are unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to determine these effective ingredients and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which they affect DM via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) coupled with network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was utilized to identify components of WL. Second, the putative targets of the components were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity and online databases. Third, the key candidate targets and potential active components were identified through topological analysis of a component-disease target interaction network. Finally, interactions between active components and therapeutic targets were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. RESULTS One hundred and thirty components were identified in WL, among which 38 were considered potentially bioactive, as they showed hypoglycemic effects. Among these 38, 8 key active components possessed high similarities and shared 4 targets with approved drugs. These findings were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The approach combining UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS with network pharmacology analysis is a rapid and effective tool to identify potentially bioactive constituents in medicinal plants and prescriptions. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellariae radix (SR) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). INCB059872 in vitro Crude SR (CSR) and wine-processed SR (WSR) are the two most common commercial specifications. According to the theories of TCM, wine-processing increases the inclination and direction of SR's actions, thereby strengthening its efficacy in clearing the upper-energizer lung damp heat. The pharmacological mechanism-related research on WSR for the treatment of lung disease is limited and needs to be expanded. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this report was to identify the relevant biological pathways by assessing changes in plasma metabolites between CSR and WSR in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model, and thus, revealed the potential mechanism of wine processing in SR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with LPS-induced ALI were treated with CSR and WSR. The contents of inflammatory cytokines and histopathological examination were determined to explore the effects of CSR and WSR.d primarily to reversing the abnormality of retinol metabolism pathways and tryptophan metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS This report examined the underlying wine-processing mechanism of SR from the perspective of plasma metabolites. In addition, this work provided a novel and valuable insight into interpretation of the processing mechanisms of TCM in a holistic way. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Himatanthus drasticus is an important medicinal plant whose latex is traditionally used in Northeast Brazil to treat various diseases, including diabetes. The use of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors can be an effective strategy to modulate levels of postprandial hyperglycemia via control of starch metabolism. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to verify if H. drasticus latex has inhibitory activity against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, besides chemically characterizing the metabolites responsible for such activities. In addition, in silico analysis was performed to support the traditional claim of possible antidiabetic activity of this latex. MATERIALS AND METHODS Latex from H. drasticus stems was sequentially partitioned with n-hexane (FHDH), CHCl3 (FHDC) and EtOH (FHDHA). Wash extraction of the FHDHA fraction was performed to obtain the other extract fractions. The FHDHA was submitted to chromatography in a SPE C18 cartridge using gradient elution with MeOH/H2O to produce five fractions FHDHA1, FHDHA2, FHDHA3, FHDHA4 and FHDHA5.
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