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Women are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression associated with rape, and shame plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of PTSD and depression. Thus, there is a need to identify factors that may decrease shame among female survivors of adult rape. Self-compassion may be one such factor. The present study used path analysis in MPlus version 7.3 to examine the indirect effect of self-compassion on PTSD and depression via rape-related shame. selleck products We hypothesized that higher levels of self-compassion would be associated with lower levels of rape-related shame, which in turn would be associated with lower levels of PTSD and depression. College women (N = 305) who reported experiencing rape completed anonymous online surveys assessing rape, self-compassion, rape-related shame, PTSD, and depression. Consistent with our hypothesis, results indicated that self-compassion was negatively associated with assault-related shame, which in turn was positively associated with PTSD and depression. There was also a significant indirect effect of self-compassion on PTSD and depression via rape-related shame. Further, rape-related shame fully explained the relation between self-compassion and PTSD. Findings suggest that self-compassion may be an appropriate target to reduce rape-related shame and may subsequently facilitate reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms.The HIV infection is deeply associated with fear, stigma, discrimination, and internalization of the stigma. The ignorance around modes of transmission has led to many myths and misconceptions surrounding the infection. There is a stigma of contagion, along with the stigma of morality. Being ill and facing death is a situation that affects day to day living of the infected. It is not the virus but the stigmatizing environment around the infected that makes life with the virus a difficult journey. The infection leads to many behavioral issues and challenges for the infected as well as affected. In a mixed-method research, 105 HIV-positive consenting adults were recruited through the snowball method. They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule in a confidential environment. Focus group discussions were conducted with infected males, females, men having sex with men (MSM), and uninfected partners of the infected respondents to understand the interpersonal issues and challenges. The current research explores and describes the impact of HIV and resultant internalized stigma upon the life of the infected in the background of moralistic values governing sexual behavior.Interactive health websites where threat appeals are incorporated have become a popular strategy to engage users in preventive health behaviors. The current study examines how website interactivity enhances the effectiveness of threat appeals and thus encourages preventive health behaviors in the context of an anti-sugar campaign. A single factor design experiment (N = 109) with two conditions (high vs. low interactivity) was employed to investigate the effects of website interactivity on sugar control intentions. The results demonstrated that higher interactivity elicited greater fear and disgust, which then subsequently increased perceived threats of sugar intake. Perceived threats heightened by interactivity led to greater preventive behavioral intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.The aim of the study was to determine the rate and related factors of prenatal general anxiety disorder in the second peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 2336 pregnant women who referred to health centers of Zanjan province in Iran from June to September 2020. The samples were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected by telephone using a General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD) and analyzed with descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model at a 95% confidence level. Results show that, during the pandemic of COVID-19 more than 78% of Iranian pregnant women had severe anxiety. The odds of having general anxiety disorder in urban residency was 1.80 times more than the rural residence and getting information about preventive and self-care guidelines of COVID-19 were 1.24 times more than the other information (P less then 0.05). Our findings show a higher level of anxiety disorder in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also the place of residence and type of information received about COVID-19 are the main predictors of anxiety level. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of pregnant women for evaluating anxiety disorder during the outbreaks is recommended as a routine schedule.The COVID-19 pandemic has damaged the world's economy during 2020-2021, reduced the purchasing power of households, partially restricted international movements and trade (including food products) and damaged horticultural production. This resulted in uncertainty in the food business and caused food supply shocks. According to some scientists, business people, and politicians, this situation is a forerunner and warning for humanity to change its lifestyle by focusing on sustainable measures to prevent natural ecosystems damage. In line with this, the present review article focused on the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on horticultural production and some prevention measures. It has been scientifically confirmed that the postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables reach around 10-15% in developed countries and about 20-40% in developing countries, higher in some specific crops. It is believed that reducing these losses can help the world fight food supply shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic and customary conditions to reduce the pressure on natural resources. Therefore, the present paper aimed to highlight some critical handling practices against food supply shocks.A healthy lifestyle, including food habits, physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST), is an important factor for well-being. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the association between lifestyle (i.e., PA, ST and food habits), self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A second objective was to determine the association between self-esteem with HRQoL, considering the mediating effect of lifestyle. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed, involving both girls (n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years) and boys (n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years). Lifestyle, self-esteem, HRQoL and anthropometrics parameters were evaluated. The study reported that self-esteem (β; 0.04, P = 0.49) and PA (β; 1.15, P less then 0.001) had positive association with HRQoL. By contrast,ST was linked in an inverse way to HRQoL (β; -1.82,, P less then 0.001). According to the second objective, self-esteem had a significant association with HRQoL (total effect = 0.48, p less then 0.01), and ST mediated this association negatively, instead, PA and food habits positively mediated this association.
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