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tion. Screening of pregnant mothers for GBS colonization should be introduced and antimicrobial susceptibility test performed on GBS positive samples to guide antibiotic prophylaxis.BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. The relation of obesity and risk of cardiovascular events appears to be more closely linked to certain clinical or metabolic phenotypes than to obesity itself. Our aim was to establish whether aging influenced the metabolic phenotypes regarding to cardiovascular risk, evaluated by changes in the intima media thickness-common carotid (IMT-CC), in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1002 CHD patients were studied at entry from the CORDIOPREV study. We performed carotid ultrasound assessment to obtain their IMT-CC values. Carotid atherosclerosis was considered to exist if IMT-CC > 0.7 mm. RESULTS Age determined a higher IMT-CC, regardless metabolic phenotype (all p  less then  0.05). Metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) aged less then  60 showed a lesser prevalence for carotid atherosclerotic disease than metabolically sick non-obese (MSNO) and obese (MSO), while MHNO aged≥60 only showed less prevalence for the disease than the MSO. Carotid atherosclerosis associated with age, sex, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). However, in patients aged less then  60, it associated with sex and IFG and in the age ≥ 60 group, with hypertension and hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CHD patients aged≥60 are less metabolic flexible compared to patients aged less then  60. Thus, MHO patients aged≥60 show the same risk of suffering carotid atherosclerosis as those with metabolic disease, while MHO patients aged less then  60 show lower risk than MSO. This fact indicates the need to focus on therapeutic strategies in order to modify those parameters related to obesity and metabolic inflexibility in patients with CHD before entering old age.BACKGROUND Sexualized drug use (SDU) refers to use of any psychoactive substance before/during sexual intercourse. Chemsex is a subset of SDU, which is defined as the use of some specific psychoactive substances (methamphetamine, mephedrone, γ-hydroxybutyrate, ketamine and cocaine) before/during sexual intercourse. SDU and chemsex are prevalent among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). This study investigated uptake and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among a sample of GBMSM in Hong Kong with experience of SDU in the past year. METHODS A total of 600 GBMSM were recruited by convenient sampling through outreaching in gay venues, online recruitment and peer referral. Participants completed a cross-sectional anonymous telephone interview. This study was based on a subsample of 580 GBMSM self-reported as HIV negative/unknown sero-status. RESULTS Of the participants, 82 (14.1%) and 37 (6.4%) had experience of SDU and chemsex in the past year. The prevalence of PrEP uptake was 4.0% among all participants and 14.6% among those with experience of SDU in the past year. Among GBMSM with experience of SDU in the past year who were not on PrEP (n = 70), 67.1% were willing to use daily oral PrEP in the next 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that positive attitudes toward PrEP (AOR 2.37, 95%CI 1.47, 3.82), perceived support from significant others to use PrEP (AOR 9.67, 95%CI 2.95, 31.71), and perceived behavioral control of using PrEP (AOR 19.68, 95%CI 5.44, 71.26) were significantly associated with higher willingness to use PrEP. CONCLUSION GBMSM with experience of recent SDU are potentially good candidates of PrEP implementation. This group of GBMSM reported high prevalence of uptake and willingness to use PrEP. Perceptions related to PrEP based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were significantly associated with willingness to use PrEP.BACKGROUND Childhood hypertension is a predictor of later diseases, increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood and results in major economic burdens. Streptozotocin mouse The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effect of anthropometric, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on blood pressure (BP) in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents using a path analysis. METHODS This multi-centric nationwide study was performed on students aged 7-18 years. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured by standard methods and demographic data, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and health related behaviors were obtained using validated questionnaires. Path analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships among the study variables and to implement the subsequent structural modeling. RESULTS Totally, 7235 students (50.6% boys; the mean age 12.3 ± 3.1 years) were assessed. Systolic and diastolic BP positively correlated with age (r = 0.35 and 0.26; respectively), BMI (r = 0.06 and 0.04; respectively) and WC (r = 0.05 and 0.03; respectively). According to path analysis, age had significant direct effect on BMI, WC, and BP (β = 0.035, 0.043 and 0.345; respectively), which was greater for BP. BMI and WC had the greatest direct effect on BP (β = 0.05 and 0.03; respectively). Education level, subjective health complaints, health-related behaviors and dietary habits had positive direct effects on BP (β = 0.036, 0.030, 0.018 and 0.017; respectively). Socioeconomic status and positive changes in diet had negative indirect effect on BP (β = - 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Our findings strengthen the importance of weight and body composition in BP control. It is suggested to improve diet and health related behaviors especially in families with low socioeconomic position.BACKGROUND Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief advice to reduce heavy drinking, implementation in primary healthcare remains limited. The challenges that clinicians experience when delivering such interventions are well-known, but we have little understanding of the patient perspective. We used Normalization Process Theory (NPT) informed interviews to explore patients' views on alcohol screening and brief advice in routine primary healthcare. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 22 primary care patients who had been screened for heavy drinking and/or received brief alcohol advice were analysed thematically, informed by Normalisation Process Theory constructs (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring). RESULTS We found mixed understanding of the adverse health consequences of heavy drinking, particularly longer-term risks. There was some awareness of current alcohol guidelines but these were viewed flexibly, depending on the individual drinker and drinking context.
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