Notes

Raising the Electrochemical Performance associated with Sodium-Ion Electric batteries because they build Improved NiS2 /NiSe2 Heterostructures.
Glucose and lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress (OXS) and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptors modulate glucose and lipid metabolism, cognitive function and serum osteocalcin. On the other hand, osteocalcin modulates cognitive function and glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether the GLP 1 agonist liraglutide improves cognitive function via modulation of serum osteocalcin and glucose and lipid metabolism.

Effects of 4weeks liraglutide treatment (100µg/Kg/d and 300µg/Kg/d) on changes in cognitive function and bone homeostasis, induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), were determined in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Serum and bone biochemical parameters were determined.

Liraglutide dose-dependently improved cognitive function in diabetic rats (reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in target quadrant in MWM test, compared to diabetic control). Glucose and lipid abnormalities and the associated changes in serum BDNF and oxidative stress makers were improved. Serum BDNF and glutathione were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde level was reduced. Serum osteocalcin was significantly increased and correlated with improvement in cognitive dysfunction. Serum and bone receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratios were significantly reduced by liraglutide treatment.

Improvement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
Improvement of cognitive dysfunction by liraglutide involves modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum osteocalcin. GLP1 agonists may provide an alternative metabolic approach for cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.Group-II introns are self-splicing mobile genetic elements consisting of catalytic intron-RNA and its related intron-encoded splicing maturase protein cofactor. Group-II sequences are particularly plentiful within the mitochondria of land plants, where they reside within many critical gene loci. During evolution, the plant organellar introns have degenerated, such as they lack regions that are are required for splicing, and also lost their evolutionary related maturase proteins. Instead, for their splicing the organellar introns in plants rely on different host-acting protein cofactors, which may also provide a means to link cellular signals with respiratory functions. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes four maturase-related factors. Previously, we showed that three of the maturases, nMAT1, nMAT2 and nMAT4, function in the excision of different group-II introns in Arabidopsis mitochondria. The function of nMAT3 (encoded by the At5g04050 gene locus) was found to be essential during early embryogenesis. Using a modified embryo-rescue method, we show that nMAT3-knockout plants are strongly affected in the splicing of nad1 introns 1, 3 and 4 in Arabidopsis mitochondria, resulting in complex-I biogenesis defects and altered respiratory activities. Functional complementation of nMAT3 restored the organellar defects and embryo-arrested phenotypes associated with the nmat3 mutant line. Notably, nMAT3 and nMA4 were found to act on the same RNA targets but have no redundant functions in the splicing of nad1 transcripts. The two maturases, nMAT3 and nMAT4 are likely to cooperate together in the maturation of nad1 pre-RNAs. Our results provide important insights into the roles of maturases in mitochondria gene expression and the biogenesis of the respiratory system during early plant life.Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) are sulfur analogues of polychlorinated dibenzofurans with prevalent occurrence in aquatic environments and potential ecological risks. However, data on the behavior and toxicity of PCDTs in aquatic organisms remain scarce. In the present study, the bioaccumulation, metabolism, and oxidative damage of 4-mono-chlorinated dibenzothiophene (4-mono-CDT) in freshwater mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) were investigated after exposure to 4-mono-CDT in semistatic water. The uptake rates, depuration rates, half-lives, and bioconcentration factors of 4-mono-CDT in hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues ranged from 0.492 to 1.652 L d-1  g-1 dry weight, from 0.117 to 0.308 d-1 , from 2.250 to 5.924 d, and from 2.903 to 8.045 × 103  L kg-1 dry weight, respectively. A dechlorinated metabolite (dibenzothiophene) was detected in hepatopancreas tissue, indicating that dechlorination was the main metabolic pathway of 4-mono-CDT. As the exposure time increased, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were induced or inhibited in the different experimental groups. The malondialdehyde content increased with increasing 4-mono-CDT dose and exposure time. A higher concentration of 4-mono-CDT corresponded to a greater integrated biomarker response in each tissue and greater oxidative damage. The antioxidant enzymes in hepatopancreas were more sensitive to 4-mono-CDT than those in gill. selleck compound The results provide useful information on the behavior and ecotoxicity of PCDTs in freshwater mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;401873-1882. © 2021 SETAC.
This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among febrile children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana, Gabon, Tanzania and Burkina Faso between 2014 and 2017 as well as the evolution and diversification of RSV strains from other sub-Saharan countries.

Pharyngeal swabs were collected at four study sites (Agogo, Ghana n=490; Lambaréné, Gabon n=182; Mbeya, Tanzania n=293; Nouna, Burkina Faso n=115) and analysed for RSV and other respiratory viruses using rtPCR. For RSV-positive samples, sequence analysis of the second hypervariable region of the G gene was performed. A dataset of RSV strains from sub-Saharan Africa (2011-2017) currently available in GenBank was compiled. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the diversity of circulating RSV genotypes.

In total, 46 samples were tested RSV positive (Ghana n=31 (6.3%), Gabon n=4 (2.2%), Tanzania n=9 (3.1%) and Burkina Faso n=2 (1.7%)). The most common RSV co-infection was with rhinovirus. All RSV A strains clustered with genotype ON1 strains with a 72-nucleotide duplication and all RSV B strains belonged to genotype BAIX.
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