Notes

Magnetic MIPs: Activity along with Programs.
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogenous disease and a major public health burden in Bahrain. Based on hormone receptor status (ER, PR, and HER2), BC can be divided into four molecular subtypes Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and Triple negative, each of which display distinct clinical behaviour. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 216 patients diagnosed with BC between November 2017 and May 2019 at the Bahrain oncology centre. The clinicopathological characteristics (age, size of tumour, grade, lymph node involvement, metastasis) were examined, in addition to immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, and HER2), and BRCA 1 and 2 status (when indicated). SPSS was used to evaluate the correlation between the molecular subtypes and different clinicopathological features. RESULTS BC in Bahraini women was relatively of large size (68.5% larger than 20mm), with frequent metastasis to the lymph nodes (57.4%). The mean age at diagnosis was 51.8 years ±11.5, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) beion strategies.INTRODUCTION A phase II study was conducted in patients, unsuited for surgery, with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (stage III or IV) and without distant metastasis. The objectives were to evaluate overall response (OR) rate and safety of subjects treated with induction regimen docetaxel and cisplatin, followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in this setting. METHODS AND MATERIALS Induction regimen consisted of docetaxel 75mg/m2 and cisplatin 75mg/m2 on day 1; cycles repeated every 21 days for three cycles with supportive G-CSF treatment beginning at first cycle. Definitive CRT consisted of weekly cisplatin 30mg/m2 for four weeks starting concomitantly with 60 Gy/30 fractions of conventional radiotherapy for six weeks. Primary and secondary efficacy criteria were OR rate at three weeks after cycle three and eight weeks after last cycle of CRT respectively. RESULTS Three centers enrolled 35 patients. Primary efficacy endpoint OR rate of evaluable patients after induction (n=27) was 88.9% (95% CI71.9-96.2). Complete response (CR) was not achieved by any patient; partial response (PR) was achieved by 88.9% (24/27). From intent to treat (ITT) analysis OR rate was 68.6% (24/35). Secondary efficacy endpoint OR rate of evaluable patients after definitive CRT (n=19) was 78.9%(95%CI56.7-91.5) with CR and PR achieved by 2(10.5%) and 13(68.4%) patients respectively. From ITT analysis CR rate was 5.7% (2/35) and OR rate was 42.9% (15/35). During induction most common hematological toxicity was leukopenia in eight patients, with =Grade 3 leukopenia reported in three patients. During CRT most common adverse events were alopecia, stomatitis and nausea. CONCLUSION We observed an ITT response rate of 68.6% with induction regimen docetaxel plus cisplatin, with a manageable safety profile. Hence, further investigation in this setting is warranted.BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate the immune dysfunction in cancer patients in comparison with healthy individuals. SEL120-34A in vitro The quality and quantity of this dysfunction are not equal in all patients even with similar cancer type. AIM This study aims to correlate health locus of control (HLC) beliefs with CD4+ helper T (Thelper) cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells, NK cells, IL-1ß and TNF-a in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 30 early diagnostic breast cancer patients who responded to Form C of the MHLC questionnaire that assessed internal (IHLC), chance (CHLC), doctor (DHLC) and other person's (OHLC) control of the patient's health status. Peripheral blood samples were collected to analyze the numbers and phenotype of Thelper cells, Treg cells and NK cells by flow cytometry and to measure gene expression of IL-1ß and TNF-a with real time PCR. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was found between IHLC with Thelper cells and NK cells. However, a significant inverse correlation was found between DHLC with NK, Thelper and Treg cells. CONCLUSION There is strong probability that the quality of immunity in cancer patients is related to their MHLC beliefs. Further research is recommended for studying whether MHLC beliefs of patients with other types of cancer can improve their immune responses and how beliefs control immune system.BACKGROUND Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially fatal condition which occurs due to skeletal muscle injury and classically presents with myalgia and red-brown coloured urine. Presence of excess myoglobin in the glomerular filtrate forms myoglobin casts which causes severe obstruction and necrosis of the tubules leading to acute renal failure. METHODS We report two fatal cases of rhabdomyolysis associated acute renal failure. The first victim died in police custody and the second victim died due to severe physical exertion. RESULTS In both the cases, creatine kinase levels were elevated and myoglobin was detected in urine in the second case. Myoglobin immunohistochemistry detected the presence of myoglobin cast in the glomerular tubules of kidney in both the cases. CONCLUSIONS Myoglobin immunohistochemistry of renal tissues, serum creatine kinase, urine myoglobin analysis and muscle histopathology are the laboratory tests that should be considered at autopsy where rhabdomyolysis is suspected. There are competing requirements between organ donation for transplantation and coronial/forensic investigation. Both require access to the body of the deceased. Optimally preserving physical evidence may reduce availability of organs for life saving transplants. Performing organ retrieval could impact on death determination and at worst could potentially interfere with criminal trial outcomes. OBJECTIVE To summarise published literature regarding the interaction between organ donation and coronial/forensic processes. METHODS A standard search strategy using the terms organ donation and coroner or medical examiner. RESULTS There is a paucity of published literature. The incidence of coronial restriction of donation varies between jurisdictions and between individual practitioners. A significant number of organs are lost to transplantation through coronial restrictions. A number of strategies have been proposed to reduce the rate of coronial restrictions but implementation is inconsistent despite support from forensic professional bodies.
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