Notes

LETMD1 is essential for mitochondrial framework and also thermogenic function of brown adipocytes.
Wound healing, tissue repair and regenerative medicine are in great demand, and great achievements in these fields have been made. In recent years, many of these successes have benefitted patients, especially in the field of chronic skin wounds. However, perfect tissue repair and regeneration of damaged tissues and organs are still great challenges in the management of trauma and diseases. In this paper, the main achievements in wound healing, tissue repair and regeneration in China are reviewed and the establishment of wound healing centers and new technology application in improving wound healing quality in patients in China is highlighted.This new decade has started with a global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), precipitating a worldwide health crisis and economic downturn. Scientists and clinicians have been racing against time to find therapies for COVID-19. Repurposing approved drugs, developing vaccines and employing passive immunization are three major therapeutic approaches to fighting COVID-19. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has the potential to be used as neutralizing antibody against respiratory infections, and its advantages include high avidity, low risk of adverse immune responses, and easy local delivery by intranasal administration. In this study, we raised antibody against the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in chickens and extracted IgY (called IgY-S) from egg yolk. IgY-S exhibited high immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 S, and by epitope mapping, we found five linear epitopes of IgY-S in SARS-CoV-2 S, two of which are cross-reactive with SARS-CoV S. Notably, epitope SIIAYTMSL, one of the identified epitopes, partially overlaps the S1/S2 cleavage region in SARS-CoV-2 S and is located on the surface of S trimer in 3D structure, close to the S1/S2 cleavage site. Thus, antibody binding at this location could physically block the access of proteolytic enzymes to S1/S2 cleavage site and thereby impede S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage, which is crucial to subsequent virus-cell membrane fusion and viral cell entry. Therefore, the feasibility of using IgY-S or epitope SIIAYTMS-specific IgY as neutralizing antibody for preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2 infection is worth exploring.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that commonly causes kidney damage. Therefore, we measured plasma levels of cytokines that may be related to renal dysfunction in SLE patients.

To explore the differences between SLE patients with renal dysfunction and healthy volunteers, the levels of cytokines in plasma were screened using a human cytokine antibody array. Then, we chose fourteen of the elevated cytokines for verification with an expanded sample size by a human magnetic Luminex assay. Plasma samples were isolated from SLE patients (
= 72) and healthy volunteers (
= 8).

Cytokine antibody array data showed elevated plasma cytokines in SLE patients with renal dysfunction compared with healthy volunteers. By using the human magnetic Luminex assay, we found that plasma levels of CHI3L1, GDF-15, IGFBP-2, MIF, ST2, TFF3, and uPAR were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy volunteers. Plasma levels of CXCL4 were significantly lower in the active groevels of these cytokines are not correlated with the SLEDAI-2K. Further study is warranted to determine how these cytokines regulate inflammatory responses and renal dysfunction in SLE.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, major, life-threatening complication that mainly occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and is the foremost cause of death in these children. Overall mortality in children with DKA varies from 3.4% to 13.4% in developing countries. There is a need to understand outcomes among children with DKA in sub-Saharan African countries.

To determine the death rate and clinical outcomes of children and adolescents aged 0-18 years managed for DKA at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).
. This was a retrospective study carried out among children aged 0-18 years admitted with DKA at KNH between February 2013 and February 2018. The study site was the central records department at KNH. The inclusion criteria were children aged 0-18 years admitted with a diagnosis of DKA based on the ISPAD guidelines biochemical criteria.

Out of the 159 files reviewed, the median age of children was 13 years (IQR 10-15). 41.1% of patients had severe DKA while 35.7% had moderate DKA. We reported a mortality of 6.9% while 93.1% of children recovered and were discharged home. The median duration of hospital stay was 8 days. High risk of mortality was reported among children who had high serum creatinine (OR 5.8 (95% CI 1.6-21.2)), decreased urine output (OR 9.0 (95% CI 2.2-37.3)), and altered level of consciousness (OR 5.2 (95% CI 1.1-25.1)).

DKA-associated mortality in our study was low at 6.9%. High serum creatinine, decreased urine output, and altered level of consciousness were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality.
DKA-associated mortality in our study was low at 6.9%. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pifithrin-u.html High serum creatinine, decreased urine output, and altered level of consciousness were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause havoc to many countries of the globe, with no end in sight, due to nonavailability of a given vaccine or treatment regimen. The pandemic has so far had a relatively limited impact on the African continent, which contributes more than 93% of global malaria burden. However, the limited burden of COVID-19 pandemic on the African region could have long-term implications on the health and wellbeing of affected inhabitants due to its malaria-endemic status. Malaria causes recurrent insulin resistance with episodes of infection at relatively low parasitaemia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is widely distributed in the human body is implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and COVID-19. Use of ACE2 by the COVID-19 virus induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which can lead to insulin resistance. Although COVID-19 patients in malaria-endemic African region may not exhibit severe signs and symptoms of the disease, their risk of exhibiting heightened insulin resistance and possible future development of T2DM is high due to their prior exposure to malaria.
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