Notes

Tailored prescription associated with ACEI/ARBs regarding hypertensive COVID-19 people.
Determining trends in managing humeral shaft fractures may help identify variation in practice which might benefit design of clinical guidance. We aimed to determine the practice of members of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS) in managing humeral shaft fractures.

An electronic survey was sent to members of BESS. Questions related to preferred surgical and nonsurgical approaches for management of humeral shaft fractures. This was divided into management of proximal, middle and distal third diaphyseal fractures.

91 fully completed responses were analysed. Nonsurgical management was preferred by 90.1% (n=82) for middle-third and 80.2 % (n=73) for proximal third fractures, however 52.7% (n=48) favoured surgical treatment for distal third fractures.

1. The management preference for humeral shaft fractures amongst surgeons is highly variable. 2. This may be partly attributed to the sparsity of high-quality evidence. 3. Well-designed randomised trials or pro-spective cohort studies may help further guide management of these injuries.
1. The management preference for humeral shaft fractures amongst surgeons is highly variable. 2. This may be partly attributed to the sparsity of high-quality evidence. 3. Well-designed randomised trials or pro-spective cohort studies may help further guide management of these injuries.
Geriatric hip fractures, including femoral neck and pertrochanteric fractures, are common nowadays, which is related to increasing numbers of elderly people worldwide. Osteoporosis is an important risk factor associated with hip fractures. This study aimed to describe the association of hip fractures and osteoporosis at different BMD measurement sites and determine any differences between these two types of hip fracture.

A retrospective study conducted in a university hospital in the south of Thailand enrolled 223 patients aged over 50 years with low-energy trauma hip fractures. Each patient had undergone dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within 2 weeks of injury. T-scores were recorded for the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine areas and classified as normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis according to WHO osteoporosis diagnostic criteria.

The highest proportion of T-scores in the osteoporotic range were registered at the femoral neck (68.6%) compared to total hip (52.9%) and lumbar spine (47.7%). At least 31.4% of patients were in the non-osteoporotic range. No significant differences were found at all sites of BMD measurement between the two types of fracture.

1. At least 1/3 of patients with geriatric hip fractures had their T-scores in the normal to oste-ope-nic range. 2. BMD in different areas is not different between types of hip fractures.
1. At least 1/3 of patients with geriatric hip fractures had their T-scores in the normal to oste-ope-nic range. 2. BMD in different areas is not different between types of hip fractures.
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of 15 weeks of physical therapy on biplanar ankle mobility, gait and pain level in patients following operative repair of the Achilles tendon.

The study enrolled two groups of patients; a group of men (n=40) after operative repair of the Achilles tendon, who underwent 15 weeks of postoperative physiotherapy (Group I) and a group of men (n=40) without Achilles tendon injury (Group II). The ranges of motion for supination, pronation, plantar and dorsiflexion of the foot were measured in both groups. The ankle and shin circumferences were also measured. 10-meter unassisted walking, the Thom-son test results and pain according to a VAS scale were assessed. In Group I the tests were carried out after 5 and 20 weeks following open Achilles tendon repair. A test for dependent samples was used to compare within-group statistics and the ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used for between-group comparison.

After 15 weeks of postoperative physical therapy, the patients in Group I had regained the ability to walk unassisted, all measured ranges of motion had improved significantly (from p=0.0001 to p=0.001), the ankle circumference on the operated side had decreased (p=0.002) and no pain was reported. However, the between-group comparison showed persistent, significantly decreased values of supination and plantar flexion on the operated side (p=0.001).

1. 15 weeks of postoperative physical therapy after open Achilles tendon repair restored painless function of the ankle joint and unassisted walking. 2. Despite a significant improvement in the range of motion, supination and plantar flexion of the foot on the operated side were not fully restored.
1. 15 weeks of postoperative physical therapy after open Achilles tendon repair restored painless function of the ankle joint and unassisted walking. 2. Despite a significant improvement in the range of motion, supination and plantar flexion of the foot on the operated side were not fully restored.
Vertebral osteoporotic fractures are a worldwide problem and can cause significant morbidity.

retrospective analysis reviewing functional outcome of 70 patients who underwent balloon-kyphoplasty(BK). Inclusion criteria, a-patients above 60 years of age b-symptomatic patients who failed conservative treatment c-radiological diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture(VCF). Primary outcome was evaluation of functional outcome in mid- (1-3 years) and long term (>3 years). Secondary outcomes a-analysis of the functional outcome of patients with severe disability or worse in mid- and long-term b-comparison of functional outcome between mid-term and long term follow-up c-correlate number of levels operated on with functional outcome.

There were 70 patients with average age of 74 years. Lumbar and thoracic VCFs were included. Average follow-up was 2.7 years. Twenty-eight patients had long-term follow-up of ≥ 3 years and the remaining 42 had mid-term follow-up of > 1 year and < 3 years. Allonal outcome on failure of conservative treatment. 3. DEG-77 Balloon kyphoplasty can significantly improve pa-tients' functional outcome in mid-term and long-term follow-up including patients presenting with severe disability or worse. 4. This study is of value in consenting kyphoplasty patients as they can expect an improvement in their disability in the mid-to-long term.
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